Near-earth asteroid (66391) Moshup (1999 KW4) observing campaign: Results from a global planetary defense characterization exercise

Reddy, V.; Kelley, Michael S. P.; Dotson, Jessie L.; Landis, Rob; McGraw, L.; Micheli, M.; Moskovitz, Nicholas; Sanchez, Juan A.; Taylor, Patrick A.; Wheeler, Lorien; Bauer, J. M.; Brucker, M. J.; Devogèle, Maxime; Emery, Joshua P.; Hainaut, O.; Hickson, D. C.; Koschny, D.; Larsen, Jeffrey A.; Marshall, Sean; McMillan, R. S.; Skiff, B. A.; Venditti, Flaviane; Virkki, Anne; Yang, Bin; Zambrano-Marin, L. F.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114790

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our band parameters generally match or are close to previously published results, with some exceptions (Thomas et al 2014;Dunn et al 2013;Popescu et al 2014;Reddy et al 2022;Aznar et al 2019;Ieva et al 2015;Leith et al 2017). Ganymed's BAR varies in previously published data, causing it to often plot in the S(IV) region, in addition to the S(VI) region (Thomas et al 2014).…”

Section: Prism Bandssupporting

confidence: 91%

3 μm Spectroscopic Survey of Near-Earth Asteroids

et al. 2022

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Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) are excellent laboratories for processes that affect airless body surfaces. S-complex (including V-type) NEAs were not expected to contain OH/H2O on their surfaces because they formed in the anhydrous regions of the solar system and their surface temperatures are high enough to remove these volatiles. However, a 3 μm feature typically indicative of OH/H2O was identified on other seemingly dry bodies in the inner solar system, raising the question of how widespread volatiles may be on NEAs. We observed 29 NEAs using both prism (0.7–2.52 μm) and LXD_short (1.67–4.2 μm) modes on SpeX on NASA’s IRTF in order to accurately characterize asteroid spectral type and the 3 μm region. Eight of the observed NEAs have a 3 μm absorption feature at >1σ (three of which are present to >2σ), and they exhibit four identified band shape types. Possible sources for OH/H2O on these bodies include carbonaceous chondrite impacts and/or interactions with protons implanted by solar wind. Characteristics such as composition and aphelion appear to play an important role in the delivery and/or retention of OH/H2O, as all eight NEAs with an absorption feature are S-complex asteroids and six enter the main asteroid belt. Additionally, perihelion, size, albedo, and orbital period may play a minor role. Our observations determined that nominally anhydrous, inner solar system bodies, and therefore near-Earth space in general, contain more OH/H2O than previously expected. The identified trends should help predict which NEAs that have not yet been observed might contain OH/H2O on their surfaces.

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Section: Prism Bandssupporting

confidence: 91%

3 μm Spectroscopic Survey of Near-Earth Asteroids

et al. 2022

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“…These observations were part of the International Asteroid Warning Network observation campaign of the Moshup-Squannit system in 2019. The best obtained radar images were published by Reddy et al (2022) as part of the discussion on the campaign and therefore are excluded from this paper. The next close approach within 0.1 au of Earth will take place in 2036 at 0.016 au and will be its closest flyby since its discovery.…”

Section: (66391) Moshup (1999 Kw4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arecibo Planetary Radar Observations of Near-Earth Asteroids: 2017 December–2019 December

et al. 2022

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We successfully observed 191 near-Earth asteroids using the Arecibo Observatory’s S-band planetary radar system from 2017 December through 2019 December. We present radar cross sections for 167 asteroids; circular-polarization ratios for 112 asteroids based on Doppler-echo-power spectra measurements; and radar albedos, constraints on size and spin periods, and surface-feature and shape evaluation for 37 selected asteroids using delay-Doppler radar images with a range resolution of 75 m or finer. Out of 33 asteroids with an estimated effective diameter of at least 200 m and sufficient image quality to give clues of the shape, at least 4 (∼12%) are binary asteroids, including 1 equal-mass binary asteroid, 2017 YE5, and at least 10 (∼30%) are contact-binary asteroids. For 5 out of 112 asteroids with reliable measurements in both circular polarizations, we measured circular-polarization ratios greater than 1.0, which could indicate that they are E-type asteroids, while the mean and the 1σ standard deviation were 0.37 ± 0.23. Further, we find a mean opposite-sense circular-polarization radar albedo of 0.21 ± 0.11 for 41 asteroids (0.19 ± 0.06 for 11 S-complex asteroids). We identified two asteroids, 2011 WN15 and (505657) 2014 SR339, as possible metal-rich objects based on their unusually high radar albedos, and discuss possible evidence of water ice in 2017 YE5.

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“…The second campaign targeted binary asteroid (66391) 1999 KW4 during the 2019 apparition. 56 Given the very well constrained orbit of (66391), the campaign mostly focused on physical characterization (Reddy et al 2022a). The third campaign targeted (99942) Apophis during the 2020-2021 apparition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Asteroid Warning Network Timing Campaign: 2019 XS

Farnocchia¹,

Reddy²,

Bauer³

et al. 2022

Planet. Sci. J.

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As part of the International Asteroid Warning Network's observational exercises, we conducted a campaign to observe near-Earth asteroid 2019 XS around its close approach to Earth on 2021 November 9. The goal of the campaign was to characterize errors in the observation times reported to the Minor Planet Center, which become an increasingly important consideration as astrometric accuracy improves and more fast-moving asteroids are observed. As part of the exercise, a total of 957 astrometric observations of 2019 XS during the encounter were reported and subsequently were analyzed to obtain the corresponding residuals. While the timing errors are typically smaller than 1 s, the reported times appear to be negatively biased, i.e., they are generally earlier than they should be. We also compared the observer-provided position uncertainty with the cross-track residuals, which are independent of timing errors. A large fraction of the estimated uncertainties appear to be optimistic, especially when <0.″2. We compiled individual reports for each observer to help identify and remove the root cause of any possible timing error and improve the uncertainty quantification process. We suggest possible sources of timing errors and describe a simple procedure to derive reliable, conservative position uncertainties.

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Near-earth asteroid (66391) Moshup (1999 KW4) observing campaign: Results from a global planetary defense characterization exercise

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

3 μm Spectroscopic Survey of Near-Earth Asteroids

3 μm Spectroscopic Survey of Near-Earth Asteroids

Arecibo Planetary Radar Observations of Near-Earth Asteroids: 2017 December–2019 December

International Asteroid Warning Network Timing Campaign: 2019 XS

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