Near-critical solvent extraction of wool with modified carbon dioxide — experimental results

Eychenne, V.; Saiz, Samuel; Trabelsi, F.; Recasens, F.

doi:10.1016/s0896-8446(01)00077-8

Cited by 18 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Theses fractions are those found in the process of Bayona et al [7]. According to our findings [6], the best extraction conditions of raw wool are with a near-critical solvent with 5% ethanol, and with a contact time corresponding to a specific mass flowrate of 10-25 kg/h/L. Runs carried out at a very slow fluid velocity were also done by Eychenne et al [6].…”

supporting

confidence: 70%

“…According to our findings [6], the best extraction conditions of raw wool are with a near-critical solvent with 5% ethanol, and with a contact time corresponding to a specific mass flowrate of 10-25 kg/h/L. Runs carried out at a very slow fluid velocity were also done by Eychenne et al [6]. These runs in which saturation conditions prevailed, indicated the existence of the two lanoline fractions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…These runs in which saturation conditions prevailed, indicated the existence of the two lanoline fractions. Their previously reported solubilities [6] are one of the objectives to verify in the present work.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Particularly important are the experimental results published by our group [6], as they form the basis of the present study. We carried out experiments to find the best cosolvent concentration and the extraction kinetics using subcritical and supercritical solvent.…”

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confidence: 88%

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Extraction of solid lanoline from raw wool with near-critical ethanol-modified CO2 —A mass transfer model

Valverde

Recasens

2019

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids

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This study deals with the modelling of the extraction of solid lanoline from raw wool under near-critical conditions using 5% ethanol in CO 2 , using our previous experimental data. A mass-transfer model is developed to explain the extraction results at T = 30ºC, below the melting point of lanoline (36-42ºC). Two variables are studied, the extraction pressure and the solvent mass flowrate. Our model depends on three parameters: the solubilities of the two lanoline fractions and the lanoline mass transfer coefficient. The model is a set of first-order partial differential equations, that is solved by orthogonal collocation in combination of optimization of the parameters. The fluid-side masstransfer coefficient decreases with extraction pressure and is about 5 x 10-6 m/s for Re < 1 (at 70-150 bar) and depends on fluid velocity. The solubilities of lanoline fractions, independent of flowrate, agree very well with those previously reported. Nomenclature: See end of the manuscript. 1.Introduction Lanoline is a natural wax secreted by the sebaceous glands of sheep that finds valuable applications in pharmacy and cosmetics [1-2]. Lanoline is traditionally obtained from raw wool by washing the sheep with water and soap. For pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, however, it cannot be used directly, as it requires a complex purification process. An interesting alternative is to use a waterless washing with high pressure carbon dioxide, either neat [3,4] or modified with co-solvents [5,6], in the liquid state or as supercritical fluid. This paper focuses on the high pressure extraction of lanoline from raw wool under near-critical conditions with ethanol-modified CO 2 , using our previously published experimental results [6, 7]. Among the first authors to study SCF applied to lanoline extraction from raw wool are King and coworkers [3], Koo at al. [5] as well as New Zealand researchers [3]. These authors used neat CO 2 in their studies. Shortly later, we filed a patent [7] based on the fractionation of lanoline lipids using compressed CO 2 , using either raw wool or technical lanoline as a starting material, with a solvent based on modified CO 2 [7]. Solvent-modified CO2 under quasi-critical conditions is faster than neat CO2 [6,7] requiring less pressure and temperature. In the present paper, we specifically focus on the two lanoline fractions obtained in the process of Bayona et al. [7] and the evidence about their existence provided in our previous work [6]. Bayona found that there are two fractions: 1) A lanoline soluble in the cosolvent, that is highly polar and has a narrow molecular weight, and 2) Another lanoline fraction insoluble in the cosolvent, that has a wide molecular weight distribution. More recently, further characterization have been made [8-10].

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confidence: 61%

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confidence: 86%

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confidence: 88%

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Extraction of solid lanoline from raw wool with near-critical ethanol-modified CO2 —A mass transfer model

Valverde

Recasens

2019

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids

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“…A study of wool wax extracted from raw wool fibers with pressurized CO 2 at constant pressure and temperature (100 bar, 60°C) was carried out. Based on an earlier paper, ethanol was chosen as a modifier given that it provides the highest extraction yields (14). In this paper, in order to optimize the percentage of ethanol used and the extraction time, a kinetic study was performed using two different percentages of ethanol.…”

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Characterization of supercritical fluid extracts from raw wool by TLC‐FID and GC‐MS

Domínguez

Jover

Garde

et al. 2003

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Extraction selectivity of whole wool wax from raw wool by using ethanol-modified carbon dioxide at constant pressure (100 bar) and temperature (60°C) was studied. A kinetic study was carried out to optimize the percentage of ethanol and the extraction time. The modified carbon dioxide was decompressed in ethanol as a collection solvent, leading to the formation of two different fractions as a function of their solubility. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the lipid classes present in the collected fractions were performed by TLC coupled to an automated FID system (TLC-FID). Moreover, a detailed structural comparison was carried out between the aliphatic high-molecular-mass esters and the steryl ester patterns by means of subambient pressure GC-MS in both the EI and the ammonia positive CI modes. Considerable differences in the lipid composition of the two wool wax fractions collected were observed by TLC-FID and GC-MS.

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Screening of cosolvents for a supercritical fluid: A fully predictive approach

2002

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Near-critical solvent extraction of wool with modified carbon dioxide — experimental results

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Extraction of solid lanoline from raw wool with near-critical ethanol-modified CO2 —A mass transfer model

Extraction of solid lanoline from raw wool with near-critical ethanol-modified CO2 —A mass transfer model

Characterization of supercritical fluid extracts from raw wool by TLC‐FID and GC‐MS

Screening of cosolvents for a supercritical fluid: A fully predictive approach

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