“…These overlap with the Eurasia-Africa flyway in the Caspian region. See also Sayatov et al, 2007;Kydyrbayev et al, 2010;Bogoyavlenskiy et al, 2012;Tabynov et al, 2014;Burashev et al, 2020. From the point of view of the evolution of avian influenza viruses and their transfer to other geographical regions, researchers of the Federal Centre of Animal Health, Vladimir, Russia (Zinyakov et al, 2022) which the researchers have collectively referred to as Caspian Region Viruses (VCR). For these subtypes, a similar clustering of genomic segments was determined with isolates of the H5N5 subtype influenza A virus, which were identified in Europe in winter and spring .…”