Neandertal incisor beveling

Ungar, Peter S.; Fennell, Karen J.; Gordon, Kathleen D.; Trinkaus, Erik

doi:10.1006/jhev.1996.0109

Cited by 49 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The Aubesier 4 I 2 occlusal beveling reinforces a pattern of considerable use of the anterior dentition for nonmasticatory purposes. This degree of beveling is well documented for more recent Neandertal lineage specimens (21,33,41), and labial wear striae have been documented for anterior teeth from AT-SH (42), Krapina (43), and several Neandertal specimens (12,21,44,45). Sufficiently worn non-European archaic Homo anterior maxillary teeth are rare, but at least the African Broken Hill 1 I 1 s exhibit a degree and pattern of anterior dental wear suggesting nondietary dental use similar to that seen in the European Neandertal lineage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Its beveling angle of 91°[measured between the occlusal plane and the chord joining its labial midline cervical and occlusal margins (32)] is associated with a wear quotient of 0.82 (labial chord͞cervical labiolingual diameter). This beveling angle is elevated compared with recent humans with similar degrees of occlusal attrition, and it is high even relative to values for Krapina and last glacial Neandertal anterior maxillary teeth (33). It implies a pattern of attrition, and hence use, of the anterior dentition similar to that of recent humans and Neandertals but at least as pronounced as that which leads to the labially open incisor occlusion in older Neandertals.…”

Section: Paleobiological Aspects Of the Aubesier Human Remainsmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Comparative morphology and paleobiology of Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l'Aubesier, Vaucluse, France

Lebel

Trinkaus

Faure

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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108

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The discovery of later Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l'Aubesier, France reinforces an evolutionary model of the gradual accumulation of Neandertal-derived facial and dental features during the Middle Pleistocene of the northwestern Old World. The pronounced maxillary incisor beveling of Aubesier 4 helps to extend the antiquity of nondietary use of the anterior dentition. The interproximal “toothpick” groove on the Aubesier 10 molar increases the sample for these lesions. The pathological loss of the mandibular dentition of Aubesier 11 indicates advanced antemortem masticatory impairment, at a level previously undocumented before the Late Pleistocene. These remains support a view of later Middle Pleistocene humans able to support debilitated individuals despite the considerable use of their bodies to accomplish routine activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Paleobiological Aspects Of the Aubesier Human Remainsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Comparative morphology and paleobiology of Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l'Aubesier, Vaucluse, France

Lebel

Trinkaus

Faure

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

108

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“…S3C) may reflect differences in anterior dentognathic morphology and/or bite-force patterns. Young adults of early Pleistocene Homo tended to have more procumbent front teeth than their modern human peers, such that the amount of lingual tipping resulting from interproximal wear between the front teeth likely was greater than in the orthognathic morphology characteristic of modern humans (8). Also, bite-force patterns in the anterior dentition might have differed between groups, e.g., due to different paramasticatory activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…aging | compensatory mechanisms | toothpick | local periodontitis | early Pleistocene Homo A lthough patterns of dental micro-and macrowear and wearrelated pathologies are amply documented in the hominin fossil record (1)(2)(3)(4)(5), processes of in vivo dentoalveolar remodeling (3,6,7) and their potential influence on dentognathic morphology are only beginning to be studied in fossil hominins (8). In modern human hunter-gatherer populations, remodeling of dentoalveolar hard tissue is triggered mainly by dental wear, aging, pathologies, and trauma.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tooth wear and dentoalveolar remodeling are key factors of morphological variation in the Dmanisi mandibles

Margvelashvili

Zollikofer

Lordkipanidze

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Plio-Pleistocene hominin sample from Dmanisi (Georgia), dated to 1.77 million years ago, is unique in offering detailed insights into patterns of morphological variation within a paleodeme of early Homo. Cranial and dentoalveolar morphologies exhibit a high degree of diversity, but the causes of variation are still relatively unexplored. Here we show that wear-related dentoalveolar remodeling is one of the principal mechanisms causing mandibular shape variation in fossil Homo and in modern human huntergatherer populations. We identify a consistent pattern of mandibular morphological alteration, suggesting that dental wear and compensatory remodeling mechanisms remained fairly constant throughout the evolution of the genus Homo. With increasing occlusal and interproximal tooth wear, the teeth continue to erupt, the posterior dentition tends to drift in a mesial direction, and the front teeth become more upright. The resulting changes in dentognathic size and shape are substantial and need to be taken into account in comparative taxonomic analyses of isolated hominin mandibles. Our data further show that excessive tooth wear eventually leads to a breakdown of the normal remodeling mechanisms, resulting in dentognathic pathologies, tooth loss, and loss of masticatory function. Complete breakdown of dentognathic homeostasis, however, is unlikely to have limited the life span of early Homo because this effect was likely mediated by the preparation of soft foods.aging | compensatory mechanisms | toothpick | local periodontitis | early Pleistocene Homo A lthough patterns of dental micro-and macrowear and wearrelated pathologies are amply documented in the hominin fossil record (1-5), processes of in vivo dentoalveolar remodeling (3, 6, 7) and their potential influence on dentognathic morphology are only beginning to be studied in fossil hominins (8). In modern human hunter-gatherer populations, remodeling of dentoalveolar hard tissue is triggered mainly by dental wear, aging, pathologies, and trauma. Wear-related remodeling can be understood as a mechanism of in vivo modification that maintains masticatory function (3,7,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Three main processes are typically identified (Fig. 1): i) Wear-induced reduction of dental crown height leads to alterations in masticatory biomechanics. This triggers alveolar bone remodeling, yielding dislocation of dental structures and eventual continuous eruption of all teeth. As an effect, occlusal contact between upper and lower teeth is maintained (15-17), and the position and orientation of the occlusal plane relative to the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) is held approximately constant, thus preventing the "wear-out" (18) of the TMJs. ii) The reduction of mesiodistal crown dimensions through interproximal dental wear triggers alveolar bone remodeling in the mesiodistal direction. This leads to mesial drift of the postcanine dentition and shortening of the dental arcade (19).iii) In the anterior dentition, remodeling induced by interproximal wear results in increas...

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“…Dental mesowear has been shown to be a major factor underlying in-vivo remodeling of the dentognathic system (Ungar et al 1997;Kaifu 1999;Kaifu et al 2003;d'Incau et al 2012;Margvelashvili et al 2013). Mesowear is also known to be the major long-term cause of DP (Smith 1976;Richards and Brown 1981).…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

Margvelashvili

Zollikofer

Lordkipanidze

et al. 2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Due to the scarcity of the fossil record, in-vivo changes in the dentognathic system of early Homo are typically documented at the level of individual fossil specimens, and it remains difficult to draw population-level inferences about dietary habits, diet-related activities and lifestyle from individual patterns of dentognathic alterations. The Plio-Pleistocene hominin sample from Dmanisi (Georgia), dated to 1.77 million years ago, offers a unique opportunity to study in-vivo changes in the dentognathic system of individuals belonging to a single paleodeme of early Homo. Materials and Methods: We analyze dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi sample, and in comparative samples of modern Australian and Greenlander hunter-gatherer populations, applying clinical protocols of dentognathic diagnostics. Results: The Dmanisi hominins exhibit a similarly wide diversity and similar incidence of dentognathic pathologies as the modern human hunter-gatherer population samples investigated here. Dmanisi differs from the modern population samples in several respects: At young age tooth wear is already advanced, and pathologies are more prevalent. At old age, hypercementosis is substantial. Discussion: Results indicate that dentognathic pathologies and disease trajectories are largely similar in early Homo and modern humans, but that the disease load was higher in early Homo, probably as an effect of higher overall stress on the dentognathic system. Key words: aging, tooth wear, caries, periodontitisThe Plio-Pleistocene site of Dmanisi has yielded a large sample of hominin fossils associated with abundant and diverse faunal remains and Mode I stone artifacts (Gabunia et al. 2001;Ferring et al. 2011;Mgeladze et al. 2011). Occupation of the site began shortly after 1.85 Ma. The fossil hominin finds are dated to 1.77 Ma (Ferring et al. 2011). Dmanisi thus represents the earliest evidence of Homo outside of Africa. The well-preserved cranial, mandibular and postcranial remains of five individuals are unique in offering detailed insights into patterns of morphological variation within a paleodeme of early Homo, and into patterns of growth and aging Margvelashvili et al. 2013;Zollikofer et al. 2014). The craniomandibular morphology of the Dmanisi paleodeme has been described previously (Gabunia and Vekua 1995;Gabunia et al. 2000;Gabunia et al. 2001;Gabounia et al. 2002;Lordkipanidze et al. 2005;Lordkipanidze et al. 2006;Rightmire et al. 2006;Rightmire and Lordkipanidze 2010;Lordkipanidze et al. 2013;Margvelashvili et al. 2013). Cranial and mandibular morphological variation within the Dmanisi paleodeme is wide, but well within the range of variation seen in modern humans populations, and in populations of chimpanzee subspecies (Skinner et al. 2006;Lordkipanidze et al. 2013;Margvelashvili et al. 2013;Zollikofer et al. 2014). Variation in size, shape and dentognathic features among the Dmanisi mandibles has received special attention and has been studied to address questions of phylogeny, taxonomy, sexual dimorphism, die...

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Neandertal incisor beveling

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Comparative morphology and paleobiology of Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l'Aubesier, Vaucluse, France

Comparative morphology and paleobiology of Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Bau de l'Aubesier, Vaucluse, France

Tooth wear and dentoalveolar remodeling are key factors of morphological variation in the Dmanisi mandibles

Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

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