NDSP 09: Risk Assessment of Pakistani Individual for Diabetes (RAPID) – Findings from Second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016–2017

Abstract

Objective: To elucidate the effectiveness of Risk Assessment of Pakistani individuals with diabetes (RAPID) tool in epidemiological and population-based second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016-2017 for identifying risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Methodology: This observational study was a sub-analysis of the second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016-2017 conducted from February 2016 to August 2017 in all four provinces of Pakistan. Ethical approval was obtained from National Bioethics Committee Pakistan. RAPID score, a validated and published scoring scale to assess risk of diabetes, originally developed from community-based surveys was used. The risk score is assessed by parameters namely: age, waist circumference, and positive family history of diabetes. Subjects with score greater ≥4 were considered at risk of diabetes. Results: A total of 4904 individuals were assessed (2205 males and 2699 females). Mean age of participants was 41.8±14.2 years. Positive family history of diabetes was seen in 1379 (28.1%) people. According to RAPID score 1268 (25.9%) individuals scored ≥4 and were at risk of diabetes. OGTT status of people at risk of diabetes according to RAPID score showed that 18.1% people with diabetes and 29.2% were prediabetic. Whereas, OGTT status of people not at risk of diabetes showed that only 7.6% people with diabetes, 20% were prediabetic. Conclusion:A simple diabetes risk score can be used for identification of high-risk individuals for diabetes so that timely intervention can be implemented. Community-based awareness programs are needed to educate people regarding healthy lifestyle in order to reduce risk of diabetes.