“…Figure 4b shows the amplified spectra between 1500 cm −1 and 400 cm −1 . In the 1.5Eu 3+ -doped NaGdF4 nanoparticles, at around 500 cm −1 , a rising peak is identified associated with the tetrafluoride bond vibration [51] and confirming the formation of NaGdF4 nanoparticles. This peak is not completely observed due to the range limitation of the equipment.…”
Section: Structural Characterisation Of 80sio 2 -20(15 Eu 3+ : Nagdf ...mentioning
Oxyfluoride glass-ceramics (OxGCs) with the molar composition 80SiO2-20(1.5Eu3+: NaGdF4) were prepared with sol-gel following the “pre-crystallised nanoparticles route” with promising optical results. The preparation of 1.5 mol % Eu3+-doped NaGdF4 nanoparticles, named 1.5Eu3+: NaGdF4, was optimised and characterised using XRD, FTIR and HRTEM. The structural characterisation of 80SiO2-20(1.5Eu3+: NaGdF4) OxGCs prepared from these nanoparticles’ suspension was performed by XRD and FTIR revealing the presence of hexagonal and orthorhombic NaGdF4 crystalline phases. The optical properties of both nanoparticles’ phases and the related OxGCs were studied by measuring the emission and excitation spectra together with the lifetimes of the 5D0 state. The emission spectra obtained by exciting the Eu3+-O2− charge transfer band showed similar features in both cases corresponding the higher emission intensity to the 5D0→7F2 transition that indicates a non-centrosymmetric site for Eu3+ ions. Moreover, time-resolved fluorescence line-narrowed emission spectra were performed at a low temperature in OxGCs to obtain information about the site symmetry of Eu3+ in this matrix. The results show that this processing method is promising for preparing transparent OxGCs coatings for photonic applications.
“…Figure 4b shows the amplified spectra between 1500 cm −1 and 400 cm −1 . In the 1.5Eu 3+ -doped NaGdF4 nanoparticles, at around 500 cm −1 , a rising peak is identified associated with the tetrafluoride bond vibration [51] and confirming the formation of NaGdF4 nanoparticles. This peak is not completely observed due to the range limitation of the equipment.…”
Section: Structural Characterisation Of 80sio 2 -20(15 Eu 3+ : Nagdf ...mentioning
Oxyfluoride glass-ceramics (OxGCs) with the molar composition 80SiO2-20(1.5Eu3+: NaGdF4) were prepared with sol-gel following the “pre-crystallised nanoparticles route” with promising optical results. The preparation of 1.5 mol % Eu3+-doped NaGdF4 nanoparticles, named 1.5Eu3+: NaGdF4, was optimised and characterised using XRD, FTIR and HRTEM. The structural characterisation of 80SiO2-20(1.5Eu3+: NaGdF4) OxGCs prepared from these nanoparticles’ suspension was performed by XRD and FTIR revealing the presence of hexagonal and orthorhombic NaGdF4 crystalline phases. The optical properties of both nanoparticles’ phases and the related OxGCs were studied by measuring the emission and excitation spectra together with the lifetimes of the 5D0 state. The emission spectra obtained by exciting the Eu3+-O2− charge transfer band showed similar features in both cases corresponding the higher emission intensity to the 5D0→7F2 transition that indicates a non-centrosymmetric site for Eu3+ ions. Moreover, time-resolved fluorescence line-narrowed emission spectra were performed at a low temperature in OxGCs to obtain information about the site symmetry of Eu3+ in this matrix. The results show that this processing method is promising for preparing transparent OxGCs coatings for photonic applications.
“…The Na:Gd ratio was optimized to obtain the crystallization of β-NaGdF 4 phase, more adequate for luminescent applications and for a molar ratio 0.95:1, the precipitation of β-NaGdF 4 (JCPDS 027-0699) phase was observed after treatment at 550 • C. Luminescence results showed Eu 3+ ions' incorporation mainly in NaGdF 4 NCs, and an efficient energy transfer Gd 3+ to Eu 3+ was observed. Electron microscopy investigations of SiO 2 -KLaF 4 glass ceramics confirmed the coexistence of cubic (α-phase) and hexagonal (β-phase) KLaF 4 phases, the last one being favored for high temperature calcination [70]. The spectral features of the Nd 3+ ions dopants confirmed the incorporation of Nd 3+ ions in both crystalline phases, with emission of Nd 3+ predominantly in the β-KLaF 4 hexagonal phase.…”
Section: Thernary and More Complex Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramicmentioning
confidence: 72%
“…The sol-gel route has been used to obtain other transparent glass ceramic compositions comprising thernary fluoride nanocrystalline Me1Me2F4 phases such as: SiO 2 -NaYF 4 [67], SiO 2 -NaLaF 4 [68], SiO 2 -NaGdF 4 [69], SiO 2 -KLaF 4 [70], SiO 2 -KYF 4 [71], SiO 2 -LiYF 4 [30,72,73] and their properties have been investigated. In these cases, the crystallization mechanism seems to be more complicated and the decomposition of metal trifluoroacetates is likely to be accompanied by some chemical reaction between metal and fluorine partners, followed by nanocrystalline phase precipitation within the glassy matrix.…”
Section: Thernary and More Complex Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramicmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In these cases, the crystallization mechanism seems to be more complicated and the decomposition of metal trifluoroacetates is likely to be accompanied by some chemical reaction between metal and fluorine partners, followed by nanocrystalline phase precipitation within the glassy matrix. It was observed that the nature of the final precipitate crystalline phase is strongly dependent on the molar ratio between trivalent ion (Y, Gd, La) and alkali metals ions (Li, Na or K), and in general mixtures of fluorides were obtained (for LaF-NaLaF 4 [68] and YF 3 -LiYF 4 [30,72,73]) or different phase mixtures of the same compound (cubic and/or hexagonal NaGdF 4 or KLaF 4 nanocrystals [69,70]). Hence, an optimization of the initial composition and processing parameters (time and temperature) was required to obtain precipitation of the desired crystalline phase.…”
Section: Thernary and More Complex Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramicmentioning
Rare-earth doped oxyfluoride glass ceramics represent a new generation of tailorable optical materials with high potential for optical-related applications such as optical amplifiers, optical waveguides, and white LEDs. Their key features are related to the high transparency and remarkable luminescence properties, while keeping the thermal and chemical advantages of oxide glasses. Sol-gel chemistry offers a flexible synthesis approach with several advantages, such as lower processing temperature, the ability to control the purity and homogeneity of the final materials on a molecular level, and the large compositional flexibility. The review will be focused on optical properties of sol-gel derived nano-glass ceramics related to the RE-doped luminescent nanocrystals (fluorides, chlorides, oxychlorides, etc.) such as photoluminescence, up-conversion luminescence, thermoluminescence and how these properties are influenced by their specific processing, mostly focusing on the findings from our group and similar ones in the literature, along with a discussion of perspectives, potential challenges, and future development directions.
“…To obtain an efficient UC process, it is necessary to use a host matrix with low phonon energy and an optimized co-dopant concentration to avoid non-radiative transitions [9,10]. Among the glass matrices with low phonon energy [11][12][13][14] tellurite-based glasses stand out [11,15,16] since they have a broad transmission region (up to around 6 µm) and the lowest phonon energy among oxide glass formers (~750 cm −1 ) [11]. However, their low thermal stability limits their use.…”
Transparent Yb3+/Er3+glass-ceramic was successfully obtained by the extrusion method. The extrusion of oxyfluoride tellurite-germanate glass co-doped with Yb3+and Er3+ions at 520°C resulted in the formation of Ba0:75Er0:25F2:25 nanocrystals, leading to an increase in the upconversion (UC) emission intensity of 35 times in glass-ceramic with respect to the glass. The glass to glass-ceramic transition was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Also, the structural changes that occurred during crystallization were assessed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the pump power and temperature UC emission dependence of glass and glass-ceramic under 976 nm laser excitation were investigated in detail. The assessments showed that i) two-phonons are involved in the UC process and ii) the temperature has a significant influence over it. The Yb3+/Er3+ codoped glass-ceramic shows relatively high Sa and Sr values in a wide temperature range from 300 to 573 K, presenting the maximal Sa value of 3:50 x 10–3 at 573 K and the maximal Sr value of 6:30 x 10–3at 364 K. These results suggest that the glass-ceramic is a good candidate for optical applications such as luminescent thermometry.
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