Nd3+ activated CaF2 NPs as colloidal nanothermometers in the biological window

Cortelletti, Paolo; Facciotti, Camilla; Cantarelli, Irene Xochilt; Canton, Patrizia; Quintanilla, Marta; Vetrone, Fiorenzo; Speghini, Adolfo; Pedroni, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2016.11.019

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Synthesis of CaF 2 NPs was achieved by a modified method adapted from Pedroni et al, who developed a synthesis to study near-IR to visible photon conversion in NP optical matrices [21]. In this procedure, an aqueous solution containing calcium ions, or calcium and lanthanide ions, is introduced to a separate solution of fluoride ions within an environment highly concentrated with citrate.…”

Section: Synthesis and Impacts Of Hydrothermal Annealing On Crystallimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, CaF 2 has a density of 3.18 g/cm 3 and a higher average atomic number than most biological tissues, properties that increase the probability of X-ray interactions. Correspondingly, a variety of syntheses have been developed to formulate doped CaF 2 NPs for photonics-based applications, including those in the biomedical field [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Typical syntheses of CaF 2 NPs are performed using coprecipitation procedures in either water or short-chain alcohols [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Radioluminescent CaF2:Ln Core, Mesoporous Silica Shell Nanoparticles for Use in X-ray Based Theranostics

et al. 2020

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X-ray radiotherapy is a common method of treating cancerous tumors or other malignant lesions. The side effects of this treatment, however, can be deleterious to patient quality of life if critical tissues are affected. To potentially lower the effective doses of radiation and negative side-effects, new classes of nanoparticles are being developed to enhance reactive oxygen species production during irradiation. This report presents the synthesis and radiotherapeutic efficacy evaluation of a new nanoparticle formulation designed for this purpose, composed of a CaF2 core, mesoporous silica shell, and polyethylene glycol coating. The construct was additionally doped with Tb and Eu during the CaF2 core synthesis to prepare nanoparticles (NPs) with X-ray luminescent properties for potential application in fluorescence imaging. The mesoporous silica shell was added to provide the opportunity for small molecule loading, and the polyethylene glycol coating was added to impart aqueous solubility and biocompatibility. The potential of these nanomaterials to act as radiosensitizers for enhancing X-ray radiotherapy was supported by reactive oxygen species generation assays. Further, in vitro experiments indicate biocompatibility and enhanced cellular damage during X-ray radiotherapy.

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Section: Synthesis and Impacts Of Hydrothermal Annealing On Crystallimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Radioluminescent CaF2:Ln Core, Mesoporous Silica Shell Nanoparticles for Use in X-ray Based Theranostics

et al. 2020

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“…UV–vis or NIR–vis energy conversion could enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic devices since it makes it possible to collect the radiation energy outside the absorption range of the photoactive material (usually silicon) by shifting its energy to a more suitable optical region. In addition, rare‐earth doped CaF 2 compounds are promising luminescent materials as phosphors and in technological applications as micro‐ and nanoscale thermometry for microelectronics and for biomedical assays …”

Section: Values Of the A‐axis Parameters Of The Caf2:yb3+ Er3+ Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured CaF₂:Ln³⁺ (Ln³⁺ = Yb³⁺/Er³⁺, Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺) Thin Films: MOCVD Fabrication and Their Upconversion Properties

Pellegrino

Cortelletti

Pedroni

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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it possible to collect the radiation energy outside the absorption range of the photoactive material (usually silicon) by shifting its energy to a more suitable optical region. In addition, rare-earth doped CaF 2 compounds are promising luminescent materials as phosphors and in technological applications as micro-and nanoscale thermometry for microelectronics and for biomedical assays. [4,[16][17][18] A comment deserves the CaF 2 structure, also in view of similar ionic size of the trivalent lanthanide ions, inserted as dopants, and the Ca 2+ ion. Calcium fluoride has the typical fluorite structure, following the name (fluorite) of the mineral form of CaF 2 , which is a simple cubic arrangement of anions with 50% cubic sites filled with Ca 2+ . Thus, in this structure, calcium is eight coordinated by fluoride ions, a coordination environment suitable for the lanthanide ions, being eight one of the most common coordination number for lanthanides. [19] Most of the above-mentioned applications require the calcium fluoride material in the form of thin films. Several studies are available on the deposition of CaF 2 thin films using physical vapor deposition techniques, such as sputtering, [20,21] electron beam evaporation, [22] pulsed laser deposition, [23,24] and molecular beam epitaxy. [25,26] Calcium fluoride films have also been deposited through sol-gel chemical routes using spin coating [27] or dip coating. [28] Among the chemical vapor deposition approaches, atomic layer deposition has been applied to the deposition of CaF 2 films. [29] Nevertheless, even though various deposition methods have been applied to the fabrication of CaF 2 films, a more versatile, easily scalable, fast, and industrially appealing approach is highly desirable.The metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has the potential advantage of being a very reliable and reproducible method for the fast production of films with high uniformity degree in both thickness and composition over large areas. In addition, note that in the case of potential integration of these layers in photovoltaic cell production, plasma-enhanced CVD is the most common fabrication method for thin film Si-based cells. [30] Calcium fluoride represents one of the most efficient hosts for up-conversion or down-conversion emissions. A simple metal organic chemical vapor deposition approach is applied to the fabrication of CaF 2 nanostructured thin films using the fluorinated "second-generation" β-diketonate compound Ca (hfa) 2 •diglyme•H 2 O as a Ca-F single-source precursor. The versatility of the process is demonstrated for the fabrication of up-converting Yb/Er or Yb/Tm codoped CaF 2 films on Si, quartz, and glass substrates. The Ln(hfa) 3 •diglyme (Ln = Tm, Er, Yb) precursors are used as sources of the doping ions. Structural, morphological, and compositional characterization of the films shows the formation of polycrystalline CaF 2 films with a very uniform surface and suitable doping. In fact, an appropriate tuning of the mixture composition, i.e., the Ca:Ln ...

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“…These include LaF 3 :Nd, 20 LiNdP 4 O 12 , 21 and CaF 2 :Nd. 22 The Nd 3+ is an ideal dopant due to its ladder-like intra-4f energy level structure, where excitation and emission peaks lie within the first and second biological window. 23 There, absorption and scattering by the human tissue is drastically reduced, allowing deep tissue penetration of light.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, the use of Gd-containing materials might lead to release of toxic Gd ions. 29 It is worth mentioning that the exceptionally large DE of 2082 cm À1 of reported CaF 2 :Nd,Gd 22 does not lead to a high sensitivity (i.e. 0.12%/K), since essentially also in this case the thermal equilibrium between the sublevels of the 4 F 3/2 transition was utilized (as described for FIR 2 here).…”

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Nd³⁺-Doped BiVO₄ luminescent nanothermometers of high sensitivity

et al. 2019

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Nd3+ activated CaF2 NPs as colloidal nanothermometers in the biological window

Cited by 45 publications

References 38 publications

Synthesis of Radioluminescent CaF2:Ln Core, Mesoporous Silica Shell Nanoparticles for Use in X-ray Based Theranostics

Synthesis of Radioluminescent CaF2:Ln Core, Mesoporous Silica Shell Nanoparticles for Use in X-ray Based Theranostics

Nanostructured CaF₂:Ln³⁺ (Ln³⁺ = Yb³⁺/Er³⁺, Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺) Thin Films: MOCVD Fabrication and Their Upconversion Properties

Nd³⁺-Doped BiVO₄ luminescent nanothermometers of high sensitivity

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Nd3+ activated CaF2 NPs as colloidal nanothermometers in the biological window

Cited by 45 publications

References 38 publications

Synthesis of Radioluminescent CaF2:Ln Core, Mesoporous Silica Shell Nanoparticles for Use in X-ray Based Theranostics

Synthesis of Radioluminescent CaF2:Ln Core, Mesoporous Silica Shell Nanoparticles for Use in X-ray Based Theranostics

Nanostructured CaF2:Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Yb3+/Er3+, Yb3+/Tm3+) Thin Films: MOCVD Fabrication and Their Upconversion Properties

Nd3+-Doped BiVO4 luminescent nanothermometers of high sensitivity

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Nanostructured CaF₂:Ln³⁺ (Ln³⁺ = Yb³⁺/Er³⁺, Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺) Thin Films: MOCVD Fabrication and Their Upconversion Properties

Nd³⁺-Doped BiVO₄ luminescent nanothermometers of high sensitivity