“…A typical Nd( iii ) absorption spectrum comprises several absorption bands in the wavelength region of 500–900 nm due to 4f-4f electronic transitions. 40–52 These electronic transitions occur from the ground state Russell–Saunders energy term 4 I 9/2 to the excited states such as, (A) 4 G 9/2 (500–520 nm), (B) 4 G 7/2 , 2 K 13/2 (520–540 nm), (C) 4 G 5/2 , 2 G 7/2 (560–610 nm), (D) 2 H 11/2 (615–635 nm), (E) 4 F 9/2 (660–690 nm), (F) 4 F 7/2 , 4 S 3/2 (720–770 nm), (G) 2 H 9/2 , 4 F 5/2 (770–835 nm), and (H) 4 F 3/2 (850–880 nm). These electronic transitions are clearly depicted with the corresponding absorption bands appearing in the Nd( iii ) visible spectra shown in Fig.…”