Nb$_{3}$Sn SRF Photogun High Power Test at Cryogenic Temperatures

Kostin, Roman; Jing, Chunguang; Posen, S.; Khabiboulline, T.; Bice, D.

doi:10.1109/tasc.2023.3253066

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The DC photogun option is to be viewed as lower risk and cost but potentially lower performance. Several DC gun designs may be applicable here, including both traditional insulator [48] and compact inverted insulator [49] designs. DC guns delivering kinetic energy < 400 keV with photocathode electric field of ~5 MV/m are capable of reliable operation for many years.…”

Section: Critial Components 231 Photocathode Electron Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from the DC gun, efforts are in place to design and demonstrate the operation of photocathode in transmission mode in SRF guns [48]. However, interfacing replaceable photocathodes with some geometries of SRF guns is a complex engineering challenge; optimizing this interface is an active area of research [48,49]. The SRF gun we chose for this study is the 1.3 GHz, 1.5 cell SRF photogun under development by Euclid [49], with output kinetic energy of (>1.6 MeV) at 20 MV/m at the cathode, ultimately reaching 47 MV/m during experiment in liquid helium.…”

Section: Critial Components 231 Photocathode Electron Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, interfacing replaceable photocathodes with some geometries of SRF guns is a complex engineering challenge; optimizing this interface is an active area of research [48,49]. The SRF gun we chose for this study is the 1.3 GHz, 1.5 cell SRF photogun under development by Euclid [49], with output kinetic energy of (>1.6 MeV) at 20 MV/m at the cathode, ultimately reaching 47 MV/m during experiment in liquid helium. Progress on the SRF technology based on Nb 3 Sn resulted in the development of accelerating cavities that may in the near future be operated without the need of a cryoplant for the production of liquid helium [50].…”

Section: Critial Components 231 Photocathode Electron Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Progress on the SRF technology based on Nb 3 Sn resulted in the development of accelerating cavities that may in the near future be operated without the need of a cryoplant for the production of liquid helium [50]. Nb 3 Sn has a critical temperature of 18 K, which makes them compatible with commercially available cryostats, e.g., the SRF gun built by Euclid [51]. However, the limited cooling power provided by cryostats may complicate the use of removable photocathode plugs coated with alkali antimonide, as the stalk will likely provide yet another channel of thermal losses.…”

Section: Critial Components 231 Photocathode Electron Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Construction of a Novel Nanometer-Resolution MeV-STEM for Imaging Thick Frozen Biological Samples

Yang,

Wang,

Maxson

et al. 2024

Photonics

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Driven by life-science applications, a mega-electron-volt Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (MeV-STEM) has been proposed here to image thick frozen biological samples as a conventional Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) may not be suitable to image samples thicker than 300–500 nm and various volume electron microscopy (EM) techniques either suffering from low resolution, or low speed. The high penetration of inelastic scattering signals of MeV electrons could make the MeV-STEM an appropriate microscope for biological samples as thick as 10 μm or more with a nanoscale resolution, considering the effect of electron energy, beam broadening, and low-dose limit on resolution. The best resolution is inversely related to the sample thickness and changes from 6 nm to 24 nm when the sample thickness increases from 1 μm to 10 μm. To achieve such a resolution in STEM, the imaging electrons must be focused on the specimen with a nm size and an mrad semi-convergence angle. This requires an electron beam emittance of a few picometers, which is ~1000 times smaller than the presently achieved nm emittance, in conjunction with less than 10−4 energy spread and 1 nA current. We numerically simulated two different approaches that are potentially applicable to build a compact MeV-STEM instrument: (1) DC (Direct Current) gun, aperture, superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities, and STEM column; (2) SRF gun, aperture, SRF cavities, and STEM column. Beam dynamic simulations show promising results, which meet the needs of an MeV-STEM, a few-picometer emittance, less than 10−4 energy spread, and 0.1–1 nA current from both options. Also, we designed a compact STEM column based on permanent quadrupole quintuplet, not only to demagnify the beam size from 1 μm at the source point to 2 nm at the specimen but also to provide the freedom of changing the magnifications at the specimen and a scanning system to raster the electron beam across the sample with a step size of 2 nm and the repetition rate of 1 MHz. This makes it possible to build a compact MeV-STEM and use it to study thick, large-volume samples in cell biology.

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Section: Critial Components 231 Photocathode Electron Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critial Components 231 Photocathode Electron Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critial Components 231 Photocathode Electron Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critial Components 231 Photocathode Electron Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Towards Construction of a Novel Nanometer-Resolution MeV-STEM for Imaging Thick Frozen Biological Samples

Yang,

Wang,

Maxson

et al. 2024

Photonics

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“…For an MeV-STEM instrument, a high-energy (3-10 MeV) and high-brightness (a few picometer geometrical emittance, less than 10 −4 normalized energy spread, and 1 nA beam current) electron sources are essential. Our recent progress on the MeV-STEM design [1] shows a beyond state-of-the-art electron source can Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 803 2 of 15 be realized via two different approaches: (1) DC (direct current) gun [6,7], aperture, SRF (superconducting radio frequency) cavities, and STEM column; (2) CW (continuous wave) SRF gun [8][9][10], aperture, SRF cavities, and STEM column. Moreover, to mitigate the plural effects degrading the spatial resolution for large, thick biological samples, the electron beam energy must be boosted to 10 MeV or higher, depending on the sample thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimize Electron Beam Energy toward In Situ Imaging of Thick Frozen Bio-Samples with Nanometer Resolution Using MeV-STEM

Yang,

Wang,

Smaluk

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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To optimize electron energy for in situ imaging of large biological samples up to 10 μm in thickness with nanoscale resolutions, we implemented an analytical model based on elastic and inelastic characteristic angles. This model has been benchmarked by Monte Carlo simulations and can be used to predict the transverse beam size broadening as a function of electron energy while the probe beam traverses through the sample. As a result, the optimal choice of the electron beam energy can be realized. In addition, the impact of the dose-limited resolution was analysed. While the sample thickness is less than 10 μm, there exists an optimal electron beam energy below 10 MeV regarding a specific sample thickness. However, for samples thicker than 10 μm, the optimal beam energy is 10 MeV or higher depending on the sample thickness, and the ultimate resolution could become worse with the increase in the sample thickness. Moreover, a MeV-STEM column based on a two-stage lens system can be applied to reduce the beam size from one micron at aperture to one nanometre at the sample with the energy tuning range from 3 to 10 MeV. In conjunction with the state-of-the-art ultralow emittance electron source that we recently implemented, the maximum size of an electron beam when it traverses through an up to 10 μm thick bio-sample can be kept less than 10 nm. This is a critical step toward the in situ imaging of large, thick biological samples with nanometer resolution.

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Nb$_{3}$Sn SRF Photogun High Power Test at Cryogenic Temperatures

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Towards Construction of a Novel Nanometer-Resolution MeV-STEM for Imaging Thick Frozen Biological Samples

Towards Construction of a Novel Nanometer-Resolution MeV-STEM for Imaging Thick Frozen Biological Samples

Optimize Electron Beam Energy toward In Situ Imaging of Thick Frozen Bio-Samples with Nanometer Resolution Using MeV-STEM

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