Navigating Neonatal Cardiovascular Emergencies: A Comprehensive Narrative Review on Assessment and Intervention Strategies

Abstract

The evaluation and management of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in neonates are pivotal aspects of pediatric care given the substantial prevalence of this condition. This review emphasizes the urgency of timely recognition and intervention, as a notable proportion of affected neonates face critical illness shortly after birth. The multidisciplinary approach involving neonatologists, pediatricians, and obstetricians is essential to address the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges inherent in neonatal cardiac emergencies. The insights presented herein aim to guide medical practice, enhance early recognition, and ultimately improve outcomes for newborns grappling with critical heart conditions. Key proactive measures advocated include prenatal screening, facilitating early identification of potential cardiac anomalies. Advanced imaging techniques, such as fetal echocardiography, have a crucial role in enabling detailed examinations, contributing to the prenatal diagnosis of major CHDs. The review underscores the importance of preparing medical teams during the prenatal period for potential postnatal complications, emphasizing the necessity of a holistic approach to the care of neonates who survive critical episodes. Continued research and clinical advancements remain imperative to refine strategies and optimize care for this vulnerable patient population. The provided data serve as a valuable guide for healthcare professionals and could improve the outcomes of neonates confronting the challenges of CHD.