Navicular drop as a composite measure of excessive pronation

Mueller, Michael J.; Host, J V; Norton, Barbara J.

doi:10.7547/87507315-83-4-198

Cited by 168 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…The intrarater reliability of the navicular drop test was previously reported, with ICCs between 0.61 and 0.79, 68,73,86 whereas interrater reliability ranged from 0.46 to 0.83. 25,73,86,87 The validity agreement of the navicular drop test with values calculated from radiographs through radio-opaque markers affixed at the surface anatomical landmarks had good Pearson correlation coefficients (between 0.61 and 0.89).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Foot Type and Lower Extremity Injuries: Systematic Literature Review With Meta-analysis

Tong

Kong²

2013

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

135

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T he human foot is often classified into 3 structural categories: high, normal, and low arch, based on its anatomical alignment 89 and the height of the medial longitudinal arch. 27 Classification in these 3 categories is typically based on cutoff values determined from the distribution of data (standard deviations 65,93,102 or percentiles 15,16 ) from measurements taken on a large population. The interest in such classification is the belief that nonneutral foot morphology, such as a high or low arch (flatfoot), may lead to less than optimal foot function and be associated with the development of lower extremity and low back injuries. 23,28,29,59 A review of the literature provides conflicting evidence on the potential relationship between foot type and lower extremity injuries. Although a number of published reports have found no relationships between nonneutral foot types and lower extremity injuries, 40,94,96,99 the authors of a recent systematic review concluded that both high-and low-arch foot types were associated with runningrelated injuries. 14 The results of this systematic review, 14 which did not include a meta-analysis and effect-size estimates, contrast those of a few qualitative reviews that failed to demonstrate a relationship between foot type and future lower extremity injuries. 4,8,20,70 This lack of consensus in the literature could be attributed, in part, to the variation in the operational definition of foot type among investigators. 4,70 A large variety of methods have been developed to classify the foot based on structure and alignment. These T T OBJECTIVES:To investigate the association between nonneutral foot types (high arch and flatfoot) and lower extremity and low back injuries, and to identify the most appropriate methods to use for foot classification. T T METHODS:A search of 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses), Google Scholar, and the reference lists of included studies was conducted to identify relevant articles. The review included comparative cross-sectional, casecontrol, and prospective studies that reported qualitative/quantitative associations between foot types and lower extremity and back injuries. Quality of the selected studies was evaluated, and data synthesis for the level of association between foot types and injuries was conducted. A randomeffects model was used to pool odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) results for meta-analysis. T T RESULTS:Twenty-nine studies were included for meta-analysis. A significant association between nonneutral foot types and lower extremity injuries was determined (OR = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11, 1.37; P<.001). Foot posture index (OR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.33, 5.02; P<.01) and visual/ physical examination (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.28; P<.01) were 2 assessment methods using distinct foot-type categories that showed a significant association with lower extremity injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Foot Type and Lower Extremity Injuries: Systematic Literature Review With Meta-analysis

Tong

Kong²

2013

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

135

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“…The exclusion criteria included a history of a lower extremity injury up to six months prior to participation and excessive pronation determined by the ND. Excessive pronation was defined as a ND of >10 mm, similar to previous studies8, 12 ) . This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Prefectural University of Hiroshima (Approval Number: 15MH027), and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, in these studies a navicular drop test (ND) was used to measure the change in the MLA height. The ND was performed by manually using a caliper, and the standard error of the ND was reported to be 1.68–2.57mm8, 9 ) . So there is some doubt that the ND was an appropriate method to measure a 2–3 mm change in the MLA height in an experimental design that did not allow for a blinding of the examiner to the weakening status of the intrinsic foot muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the weakening of intrinsic foot muscles cause the decrease of medial longitudinal arch height?

et al. 2017

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[Purpose] There are no reliable evidences that the weakening of intrinsic foot muscles causes the decrease of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) height. The purpose of this study was to confirm whether the fatigue of intrinsic foot muscles decrease the MLA height during standing and gait using 3D motion analysis system. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty healthy male subjects participated in this study. Foot kinematics was measured using an Oxford Foot Model before and after fatigue-inducing exercises of the abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis muscles. [Results] Following fatigue-inducing exercise, in both standing and gait, the MLA height did not decrease but slightly increased. In addition, the reduction of a rear foot eversion angle was noted. [Conclusion] Fatigue of the abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis muscles did not cause a change associated with collapsing of the MLA during both standing and gait. This suggested that the MLA support force from these muscles would be compensated by other MLA support structures, such as extrinsic foot muscles.

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“…2,10 Various authors have suggested a drop of 10 to 15 mm as abnormal. 16,17 In this study, anything greater than a 10 mm drop was considered abnormal. Figure 1 and Table 1, an independent t-test (inter-group) revealed a statistically significant decrease (p Յ 0.05) in ankle dorsiflexion ROM in individuals with chronic mechanical low back pain (intervention group) in comparison to individuals without low back pain (control group) in both the right and left feet (p = 0.002 and p = 0.032 respectively).…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sagittal plane blockage of the foot, ankle and hallux and foot alignment-prevalence and association with low back pain

Brantingham

Gilbert

Shaik

2006

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Navicular drop as a composite measure of excessive pronation

Cited by 168 publications

References 0 publications

Association Between Foot Type and Lower Extremity Injuries: Systematic Literature Review With Meta-analysis

Association Between Foot Type and Lower Extremity Injuries: Systematic Literature Review With Meta-analysis

Does the weakening of intrinsic foot muscles cause the decrease of medial longitudinal arch height?

Sagittal plane blockage of the foot, ankle and hallux and foot alignment-prevalence and association with low back pain

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