Nature, timing, frequency and type of augmented feedback; does it influence motor relearning of the hemiparetic arm after stroke? A systematic review

Abstract

On the basis of this study, it was not possible to determine which combinations of aspects and types of augmented feedback are most essential for a beneficial effect on motor activities and motor functions of the hemiparetic arm after stroke. This was due to the combination of multiple aspects and types of augmented feedback in the included studies. This systematic review indicates that augmented feedback in general has an added value for stroke rehabilitation.

Design, development and deployment of a hand/wrist exoskeleton for home-based rehabilitation after stroke - SCRIPT project

“…26 Recent studies provide some insight into the optimal application of augmented feedback. A combination of augmented visual and sensory feedback is promising, 27,28 as well as placing emphasis on movement errors to stimulate motor (re)learning. 29,30 In combination with a motivating and progressive exercise environment (serious gaming), autonomy and continuity of treatment is enabled in a way that stimulates motor relearning, in the patient's home.…”

A Gamified Approach for Hand Rehabilitation Device

“…Training of grip force control is also important in other scenarios, such as the case of individuals with newly implanted myoelectric prosthetics [3]. The use of augmented feedback has been shown to enhance rehabilitation for the two aforementioned cases [4,5]. Furthermore, the use of devices that enable automatic recording and objective measurement of the patients' capabilities has been of growing interest, as most current rehabilitation practices are based on subjective progress evaluation [6,7].…”

Rehabilitation robotics : stimulating restoration of arm function after stroke

“…This inconclusive finding is consistent with the minimal effect of interventions such as Bobath, neurodevelopmental therapy, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, and Brunnstrom on ADL performance after stroke rehabilitation. 45 In studies with a robot-trained group and a control group, robot-aided therapy caused more short-term reduction in motor impairments, such as muscle activation patterns and selectivity and speed of movement, than conventional rehabilitation techniques. For functional abilities, no difference was found between the robottrained and control groups.…”

“…42,43 By supporting the arm, the amount of shoulder abduction torques that a stroke patient has to generate to execute a movement (e.g., lifting the arm during reach) is reduced, which leads to a diminished strength of simultaneous, involuntary elbow flexion. [44][45][46][47] As is suggested for the gravity compensation feature of robotic devices, each of the other operational modes (or therapy modalities) possibly influences motor control of arm movements in its own way. In order to identify the most optimal set of therapy modalities that should be incorporated in rehabilitation robotics, information about the influence of each separate modality on restoration of arm function is important.…”

“…21 Recent studies provide some insight in the optimal application of augmented feedback. A combination of augmented visual and sensory feedback is promising, 45 as well as placing emphasis on movement errors to stimulate motor (re)learning. 46,47 Since augmented feedback is closely related with the application of rehabilitation robotics, more extensive studies are needed to identify the added value and optimal way of applying augmented feedback to complement technologically supported interventions.…”