Nature of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Arabian Shield and genesis of Al-spinel micropods: Evidence from the mantle xenoliths of Harrat Kishb, Western Saudi Arabia

The making of an underplate: Pyroxenites from the Ethiopian lithosphere

“…Each temperature and pressure data point presented is the mean value of each individual crystal spot analysis within the sample. Gray symbols are data from other studies -Injibara (Conticelli et al, 1999;Ferrando et al, 2008), Nubian Shield from S. Arabia at Harrat Kishb (Ahmed et al, 2016), Mega area (Orlando et al, 2006), and other YTVL (Conticelli et al 1999;Trestrail et al, 2016). …”

Long-distance trade in the Middle Chalcolithic of the southern Levant: The case of the olivine beads from Tel Tsaf, Jordan Valley, Israel

“…In the case of the olivine beads, the transmitted coded information pertains to their value that derives from acknowledging their distant origin and the difficulty obtaining them. [32][33][34], for Eastern Desert of Egypt [24], for Zabargad Island [21][22][23], for Saudi Arabia [25][26][27][28], for Ethiopia [35][36][37], and for Tanzania [38][39][40]. Several samples are not presented here; they include specimens from the Eastern Desert of Egypt with Fo>97% and Ni<2000 ppm and a few specimens from Turkey and Pakistan with Fo = 100. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271547.g006…”

“…Viewed from the southern Levant, the nearest olivine sources with sufficiently large crystals to facilitate bead production must be sought in remote locations. Casting a wide net over southwestern Asia, northeastern Africa, and Arabia, we may speak of six possible sources: (1) Egypt, specifically Zabargad (St. John's Islands) in the Red Sea [20][21][22][23] and the Eastern Desert [24]; (2) Harrat Kishb, Saudi Arabia [25][26][27][28]; (3) southwest and northwest Turkey [29][30][31]; (4) Kohistan, northwest Pakistan [32][33][34]; (5) the Ethiopian plateau and main Ethiopian rift area [35][36][37]; and (6) the north Tanzanian divergence area [38][39][40].…”

“…(a) 100×Ni/Mg against Fo# spanning 86%-95%; (b) 100×Ni/Mg against Fo# spanning 77%-95%; (c) 100×Mn/Fe against Fo# spanning 86%-95%; (d) 100×Ni/Mg against 100×Mn/Fe. The data for the possible olivine origins were acquired from the following sources: For Turkey [29-31], for Pakistan[32][33][34], for Eastern Desert of Egypt[24], for Zabargad Island[21][22][23], for Saudi Arabia[25][26][27][28], for Ethiopia[35][36][37], and for Tanzania[38][39][40]. Several samples are not presented here; they include specimens from the Eastern Desert of Egypt with Fo>97% and Ni<2000 ppm and a few specimens from Turkey and Pakistan with Fo = 100.…”

Implications of Mantle Xenoliths in the Pliocene-Quaternary Basalts From the Shawran Crater, Bir Ali Area, Yemen

“…Mantle xenoliths entrained in alkali basalt and tuffaceous volcanoes are an important source of information about the composition and nature of the Earth's upper mantle [1,2]. The xenolith types are interpreted to reflect a primarily fertile mantle or a depleted mantle that represents residues after modern to ancient melt extraction [1,2,3,4,5]. In general, alkali basalts are widespread in continental plate interiors and are usually associated with continental rifting [6].…”