Nature of Polysaccharides Obtained from Endotoxins by Hydroxylaminolysis

Tauber, Henry; Russell, Harold; Guest, Walter J.

doi:10.3181/00379727-107-26810

Cited by 9 publications

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“…It has been reported that hydroxylaminolysis is an effective method for detoxifying endotoxin and for removing almost all of its fatty acid ester groups (31). Hydroxamates of fatty acids result from treatment with alkaline hydroxylamine in 95% ethyl alcohol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydroxylaminolysis of endotoxin for kinetic studies was carried out as follows. To one volume of endotoxin suspension (10 mg/ml in 95% ethyl alcohol) was added one volume of alkaline hydroxylamine solution (31) to give final concentrations of 0.1 N for NaOH and 0.125 M for hydroxylamine. After incubation at 30 C, the mixture was neutralized with an equimolar amount of acetic acid in ethyl alcohol, and 2.5 volumes of cold ethyl alcohol was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of the relationship of lipid to the biological reactivity of endotoxins and related substances have been approached experimentally in numerous ways, including hydrolysis with acid (8, 25,33, and many others), hydroxylaminolysis (15,31), degradation with alkali (17,19,30,32), reductive cleavage of ester bonds with lithium aluminum hydride (7,18), acylation (4,5,15; Milner et al, Bacteriol. Proc., 1965, p. 401), deacylation (20), and transesterification (20).…”

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Alteration of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Endotoxin by Treatment with Mild Alkali

et al. 1969

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Treatment with alkali is one of several methods for removing fatty acids from bacterial endotoxins and, in the process, detoxifying the material. Saponification of fatty acid esters is the major detectable chemical change produced by alkali; however, kinetic studies of mild alkaline hydrolysis of endotoxin failed to correlate rates of detoxification with rates of loss of ketodeoxyoctonates, heptose, 0-acetyl groups, or fatty acid esters. The alterations occurring during the critical stages of hydrolysis apparently changed the essential chemical conformation of endotoxic particles before cleavage of a significant amount of material took place. The rates of both saponification and detoxification were markedly increased by carrying out the reaction in media of ethyl alcohol or dimethylsulfoxide instead of water.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alteration of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Endotoxin by Treatment with Mild Alkali

et al. 1969

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“…The dissimilarities in radiation sensitivity of the lethal components of LPS (Fig. 1) may reflect differences in chemical composition as is observed in material extracted from different bacterial species (27,28) and even in lipid extracts of the same LPS fractionated by different methods (19,20,23). Because of generic relationships, one might have anticipated the similarity in the radiation sensitivity of the LPS of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis in contrast to the more distantly related E. coli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it seemed that a study of the effects of radiation on endotoxin in solution might provide insight into the nature of the toxic moiety and increase the fund of knowledge on the effects of radiation on bacterial components. I Portions of this paper were presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology held in Atlantic City, N.J., [25][26][27][28][29] April 1965, and at the meeting held in Los Angeles, Calif., [1][2][3][4][5] May 1966.…”

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Detoxification of Salmonella typhimurium Lipopolysaccharide by Ionizing Radiation

1967

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The efficiency of ionizing radiation in detoxifying the lethal determinant(s) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Salmonella typhimurium, S. enteritidis, and Escherichia coli in aqueous solution and associated with heat-killed S. typhimurium cells in suspension decreased with doses above 1 Mrad. The 50% end point of inactivation was more than 7.0 Mrad for heat-killed salmonellae and 4.8, 4.5, and 1.0 Mrad for the LPS of S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, and E. coli, respectively. After exposure to 20 Mrad, S. typhimurium LPS retained a small portion of its lethal properties although the LD50 was much greater than 9.5 mg per 20-g mouse. However, at-184 C, no inactivation of the lethal determinant(s) occurred after exposure to as much as 20 Mrad. This demonstrated the significance of the indirect effect and the mobility and formation of free radicals. At 22 C, the optical density at 400 mA increased and the pH decreased with increasing radiation dose, but no qualitative changes were observed in the infrared spectrum. No change was observed in the pyrogenicity of S. typhimurium LPS; a slight decrease in antigenicity was revealed when 6 days, but not when 1 day, elapsed between vaccination and challenge in the mouse protection test. The results were interpreted as evidence of the existence of two or more lethal and antigenic determinants. The differential effect of radiation on these properties and on the pyrogenic component(s) probably are indicative of separate functional sites for lethal, antigenic, and pyrogenic activities.

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Synthesis and Use of O-Stearoyl Polysaccharides in Passive Hemagglutination and Hemolysis

Hämmerling

Westphal

1967

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Nature of Polysaccharides Obtained from Endotoxins by Hydroxylaminolysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Alteration of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Endotoxin by Treatment with Mild Alkali

Alteration of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Endotoxin by Treatment with Mild Alkali

Detoxification of Salmonella typhimurium Lipopolysaccharide by Ionizing Radiation

Synthesis and Use of O-Stearoyl Polysaccharides in Passive Hemagglutination and Hemolysis

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