Nature of mantle heterogeneity and its role in the short-term geochemical and volcanological evolution of Mt. Etna (Italy)

Tectonic significance of Triassic mafic rocks in the June Complex, Sanandaj–Sirjan zone, Iran

“…Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether such covariations between the major and trace elements indicate fractional crystallization of basaltic magmas or reflect the nature of magma sources. However, the increasing Zr/Nb (\10) ratios are accompanied by decreasing Ce/Y ratios (not shown) pointing to a variable degree of partial melting rather than a fractional crystallization process (e.g., Baker et al 1997;Xia et al 2004;Viccaro and Cristofolini 2008;Saccani et al 2014). Similar inferences are derived from the (La/Sm) PM vs. (Tb/Yb) PM diagram (Fig.…”

A two-component mantle source feeding Mt. Etna magmatism: Insights from the geochemistry of primitive magmas

“…A few authors (e.g., Tanguy, 1980;Tanguy et al, 1997) He = 6.7 ± 0.4 Ra) measured by Marty et al (1994) and Nuccio et al (2008) in a wide range of Etnean volcanic rocks. In contrast, other authors (e.g., Armienti et al, 2004;Tonarini et al, 2001;Viccaro and Cristofolini, 2008;Viccaro et al, 2011) have favored a heterogeneous and metasomatized source that is closely related to the complex geodynamic context. Shallow contamination of Etnean magmas due to assimilation of rocks from the sedimentary basement and/or crustal fluids has also been suggested (e.g., Armienti et al, 2004;Michaud, 1995;Tonarini et al, 2001).…”

“…Etna (Armienti et al, 2004;Métrich et al, 2004;Tanguy et al, 1997;Viccaro and Cristofolini, 2008). During the last few centuries, magma has erupted from both summit craters and parasitic cones on the volcano flanks.…”

“…The petrological and geochemical features of the erupted products show a large variability that has led to several hypotheses about the magma origin. Many authors (e.g., Armienti et al, 2004;Carter and Civetta, 1977;Tanguy et al, 1997;Tonarini et al, 2001;Viccaro and Cristofolini, 2008;Viccaro et al, 2011, and references therein) have identified the mantle source as the main cause of the compositional and isotope variations in some Etnean lavas. A few authors (e.g., Tanguy, 1980;Tanguy et al, 1997) He = 6.7 ± 0.4 Ra) measured by Marty et al (1994) and Nuccio et al (2008) in a wide range of Etnean volcanic rocks.…”

Geochemical evidence for mixing between fluids exsolved at different depths in the magmatic system of Mt Etna (Italy)

“…Indeed, the Etnean mantle could be affected by an increasing contribution from a subduction-like component (Schiano et al, 2001;Tonarini et al, 2001), or it could be regarded as a heterogeneous source carrying the fingerprint of fossil metasomatism (Viccaro and Cristofolini, 2008;Viccaro et al, 2011). The assimilation of carbonate rocks belonging to the sedimentary basement is a further possible mechanism affecting C isotopes.…”