Nature of ice-forming nuclei in marine air masses

Rosiński, J.; Haagenson, Philip L.; Nagamoto, C. T.; Parungo, F.

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(87)90024-3

Cited by 64 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We also find good agreement with measurements made by Rosinski and colleagues 4 in the southern Pacific. We note that some of the INP measurements by Rosinski in the equatorial Pacific tend to be under-predicted by our model, implying either another source of INPs or a stronger marine INP source than predicted here, possibly related to short-term variability in ocean biota.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…This organic material is ejected into the atmosphere during bubble bursting resulting in sea spray aerosol containing similar organic material to that of the microlayer [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] ( Figure 1). Measurements of atmospheric INP concentrations in the remote oceans indicate that there may be a marine source of INPs linked to marine biology [3][4][5] , and modelling work indicates that this may be important in mixed phase clouds 9,10 . There is also evidence to suggest that ice nucleation in cirrus clouds over ocean regions is influenced by sea spray aerosol, with about 25% of the heterogeneously nucleated ice particle residuals identified as sea salt 20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A marine biogenic source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles

Wilson

Ladino

Alpert

et al. 2015

Nature

522

644

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The amount of ice present in clouds can affect cloud lifetime, precipitation and radiative properties 1,2 . The formation of ice in clouds is facilitated by the presence of airborne ice nucleating particles 1,2 . Sea spray is one of the major global sources of atmospheric particles, but it is unclear to what extent these particles are capable of nucleating ice 3-11 . Sea spray aerosol contains large amounts of organic material that is ejected into the atmosphere during bubble bursting at the organically enriched sea-air interface or sea surface microlayer [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Here we show that organic material in the sea surface microlayer nucleates ice under conditions relevant for mixed-phase cloud and high-altitude ice cloud formation. The ice nucleating material is likely biogenic and less than ~0.2 μm in size. We find that exudates separated from cells of the marine diatom T. Pseudonana nucleate ice and propose that organic material associated with phytoplankton cell exudates is a likely candidate for the observed ice nucleating ability of the microlayer samples. Global model simulations of marine organic aerosol in combination with our measurements suggest that marine organic material may be an important source of ice nucleating particles in remote marine environments such as the Southern Ocean, North Pacific and North Atlantic.Atmospheric ice nucleating particles (INPs) allow ice to nucleate heterogeneously at higher temperatures or lower relative humidity than is typical for homogeneous ice nucleation. Heterogeneous ice nucleation proceeds via different pathways depending on temperature and humidity. In low altitude mixed-phase clouds, INPs are commonly immersed in supercooled liquid droplets and freezing can occur on them at temperatures between -36 and 0°C 2 . At higher altitudes and lower temperatures (<-36°C) where cirrus clouds form, nucleation occurs below water saturation, proceeding by homogeneous, deposition or immersion-in-solution nucleation 1 . Understanding the sources of atmospheric INPs is important because they affect cloud lifetime, cloud albedo and precipitation 1,2 . Recent modelling work has shown that the ocean is potentially an important source of biogenic atmospheric INPs particularly in remote, high latitude regions 9,10 . However, it has never been directly shown that there is a source of atmospheric INPs associated with organic material found in marine waters or sea-spray aerosol.Organic material makes up a substantial fraction of sub-micron sea-spray aerosol and it is estimated that 10±5 Tg yr -1 of primary organic sub-micron aerosol is emitted from marine sources globally 12 . Rising bubbles scavenge surface active organic material from the water column at their interfaces and this process facilitates the formation of the organic enriched sea-air interface known as the sea surface microlayer (SML). This organic material is ejected into the atmosphere during bubble bursting resulting in sea spray aerosol containing similar organic material to that of the microlaye...

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supporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A marine biogenic source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles

Wilson

Ladino

Alpert

et al. 2015

Nature

522

644

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“…12 with some field measurements of IN concentrations around the globe , central USA, 239 K < T < 246 K and 241 K < T < 258 K; Rosinski et al (1987), the central Pacific, 254 K <T <260.5 K; Rosinski et al (1995), East China Sea, T = 253 K; Bigg et al (1973), the south of Australia, T = 258 K). As there is only one single field campaign in the East China Sea, Brazil and central USA regions, (i.e., only one single circle in each region in Fig.…”

Section: Comparison Of In Concentrations With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The reason that the contact nucleation mode is not considered is that the residence time in the CFDC is short, and thus its technique can not directly assess whether aerosol particles are active as contact freezing nuclei . Rosinski et al (1987) in the central Pacific; Rosinski et al (1995) in the East China Sea; Bigg et al (1973) to the south of Australia). Field IN measurements in the East China Sea, Brazil and the central USA are highlighted by dark green rectangles to show them more clearly.…”

Section: Comparison Of In Concentrations With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different contact angle distributions for heterogeneous ice nucleation in the Community Atmospheric Model version 5

et al. 2014

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Abstract. In order to investigate the impact of different treatments for the contact angle (α) in heterogeneous ice nucleating properties of natural dust and black carbon (BC) particles, we implement the classical-nucleation-theory-based parameterization of heterogeneous ice nucleation (Hoose et al., 2010) in the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5) and then improve it by replacing the original singlecontact-angle model with the probability-density-functionof-α (α-PDF) model to better represent the ice nucleation behavior of natural dust found in observations. We refit the classical nucleation theory (CNT) to constrain the uncertain parameters (i.e., onset α and activation energy in the single-α model; mean contact angle and standard deviation in the α-PDF model) using recent observation data sets for Saharan natural dust and BC (soot). We investigate the impact of the time dependence of droplet freezing on mixed-phase clouds and climate in CAM5 as well as the roles of natural dust and soot in different nucleation mechanisms. Our results show that, when compared with observations, the potential ice nuclei (IN) calculated by the α-PDF model show better agreement than those calculated by the single-α model at warm temperatures (T ; T > −20 • C). More ice crystals can form at low altitudes (with warm temperatures) simulated by the α-PDF model than compared to the single-α model in CAM5. All of these can be attributed to different ice nucleation efficiencies among aerosol particles, with some particles having smaller contact angles (higher efficiencies) in the α-PDF model. In the sensitivity tests with the α-PDF model, we find that the change in mean contact angle has a larger impact on the active fraction at a given temperature than a change in standard deviation, even though the change in standard deviation can lead to a change in freezing behavior. Both the single-α and the α-PDF model indicate that the immersion freezing of natural dust plays a more important role in the heterogeneous nucleation than that of soot in mixed-phase clouds. The new parameterizations implemented in CAM5 induce more significant aerosol indirect effects than the default parameterization.

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“…For measurement of natural ice nuclei above water saturation, there have been various works with the filter method (Huffman, 1973;Langer and Rogers, 1975;Zamurs and Jiusto, 1982;Georgii, 1982 and1985;Berezinskiy and Stepanov, 1986;Rosinski et al, 1987;Morgan, 1988 and. However, the filter method frequently used has a number of inherent problems, as mentioned above.…”

Section: Supersaturation Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Ice Nucleus Measurement under High Supersaturation

Mizuno¹,

Fukuta

1995

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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To understand ice nucleation under high supersaturation in clouds, measurements of natural ice nuclei for supersaturation with respect to water (Sw) up to 10% from -20 to -24C were carried out using a horizontal gradient, continuous flow, ice thermal diffusion chamber after solving the spurious count problem due to ice crystal protrusion on the bottom plate with the addition of a small amount of ethylene glycol. The measurements were made with continental air masses in early summer of 1993 at Salt Lake City, Utah in the United States of America.The measured ice nucleus concentration under the condition of -20C and Sw 5% showed a daily variation. The ice nucleus concentration changed from about 10l-1 in a warm air mass to about 1l-1 in a cold air mass, respectively, before and after the passage of a cold front in the synoptic scale. It was inferred that the instability of the warm air mass helps raise the particulates from or near the ground to increase the ice nucleus concentration. In order to pick out the supersaturation dependence at the various temperatures, the ratio of the ice nucleus concentration (N) to that at water saturation (No) was estimated. On average, Sw increases of 5 and 10% raised the N/No ratio by as much as a factor of two or more, respectively. It was found that a general relationship exists between N/No and Sw, and the slope further steepens above water saturation.

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Nature of ice-forming nuclei in marine air masses

Cited by 64 publications

References 18 publications

A marine biogenic source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles

A marine biogenic source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles

Different contact angle distributions for heterogeneous ice nucleation in the Community Atmospheric Model version 5

Natural Ice Nucleus Measurement under High Supersaturation

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