Nature of Histamine Receptors in the Emetic Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone

Bhargava, K. P.; Dixit, K. S.; Palit, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1976.tb07469.x

Cited by 44 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…We believe that morphine induces emesis by an action on the enkephalin receptors in the emetic trigger zone and apomorphine may be acting on dopamine receptors in the CTZ. There is already evidence in support of histamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (Bhargava & Dixit, 1968;Bhargava, Dixit & Palit, 1976). Thus, there may be a variety of receptors in the CTZ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enkephalin Receptors in the Emetic Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone of the Dog

Bhargava

Dixit

Gupta

1981

British J Pharmacology

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IThe emetic action of Met-enkephalin, morphine and naloxone was studied following their administration into the cerebral ventricles of dogs through chronically implanted cannulae and the effect on the responses of ablating the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) was investigated. The opiate antagonist, naloxone, was used to determine the role of enkephalin receptors in emetic responses.2 Administration of Met-enkephalin (1.0 pg/kg) into the IVth ventricle regularly evoked emesis with an average latency of 35 s. A dose of morphine (2.5 pg/kg) which was five times larger was required for a consistent emetic response when introduced into the lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) as compared to the dose required by the IVth ventricular route. The latency of emetic responses by the latter route of injection of morphine was shorter. This is in accord with an action of morphine on the emetic CTZ. 3 After bilateral ablation of the CTZ, intraventricular injections of Met-enkephalin and morphine failed to produce emesis even when given in doses that were 5 to 10 times the dose which regularly elicited emesis in animals with intact CTZ. The emesis produced in dogs by intraventricular Metenkephalin and morphine is thus fully accounted for by an action on the CTZ. 4 Naloxone (i.c.v.) in doses up to 10.0 jg/kg did not cause emesis. However, higher doses of naloxone elicited dose-dependent emesis in dogs. The 100% emetic dose of naloxone was found to be 160 pg/kg and the latency of emesis was 180 s. Unlike Met-enkephalin and morphine, naloxone continued to elicit emesis in CTZ-ablated animals. 5 Pretreatment with intraventricular naloxone (1 to 8 jg/kg) blocked the emetic responses induced by intraventricular Met-enkephalin and morphine but not that to apomorphine. The selective protective action of the opiate antagonist against Met-enkephalin and morphine supports the presence of enkephalin receptors in the emetic CTZ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enkephalin Receptors in the Emetic Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone of the Dog

Bhargava

Dixit

Gupta

1981

British J Pharmacology

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“…The area postrema is important as a relay in mammalian brain for taste aversion and vomiting reflexes, through µ opioid, 5HT3 and H2 receptor binding (Bhargava et al. 1976; Gutstein & Akil 2001; Japundzic‐Zigon et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of mast cells in the human area postrema

Porzionato¹,

Macchi²,

Parenti

et al. 2004

Journal of Anatomy

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The topography and phenotype of mast cells in the human area postrema, together with correlation between mast-cell density and microvessel density (MVD), were analysed in 16 brains. Transverse serial sections of formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded brainstems were stained with toluidine blue and alcian blue/safranin stainings, and with anti-tryptase and anti-CD31 monoclonal antibodies. The mean ( ± SD) numbers of mast cells per section were 1.3 ± 0.8 and 1.2 ± 0.7 with toluidine blue and alcian blue/safranin, respectively, whereas anti-tryptase monoclonal antibody showed a mean of 5.1 ± 2.4 cells. Mast cells were alcian blue-and safranin-positive in 56%, because of the coexistence of low-sulphated (blue-staining) and high-sulphated (red-staining) granules. No significant linear correlation between mast-cell density (4.9 mm

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“…11 The area postrema is important as a relay in mammalian brain for taste aversion and vomiting reflexes through μ-opioid, 5HT3, and H2 receptor binding. 2,8,9 Moreover, many peptides, such as angiotensin, adrenomedullin, endothelin, and endorphin, regulate cardiovascular functions 1,12,14 by binding on receptors located in the area postrema, the regulatory function of which is mediated through efferent projections toward other medullary centers. 6,7,15 It is not clear what impact the Chiari I malformation had on the present case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic emesis due to compression of the area postrema by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery: resolution following microvascular decompression

Mortazavi

Tubbs²,

Harmon³

et al. 2010

PED

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Chronic emesis may result from a variety of causes. To the authors' knowledge, compression of the area postrema by regional vessels resulting in chronic emesis has not been reported. The authors report on a child who presented with chronic medically intractable emesis and significant weight loss requiring jejunostomy feeding. Surgical exploration of the posterior cranial fossa found unilateral compression of the area postrema by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Microvascular decompression resulted in postoperative and long-term resolution of the patient's emesis. Although apparently very rare, irritation of the area postrema from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery with resultant medically intractable chronic emesis may occur. Therefore, the clinician should be aware of this potential etiology when dealing with such patients.

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Nature of Histamine Receptors in the Emetic Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone

Abstract: I The protective effects of the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Enkephalin Receptors in the Emetic Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone of the Dog

Enkephalin Receptors in the Emetic Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone of the Dog

The distribution of mast cells in the human area postrema

Chronic emesis due to compression of the area postrema by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery: resolution following microvascular decompression

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