Nature of Faulting in Large Earthquakes

Hodgson, John H.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[611:nofile]2.0.co;2

Cited by 63 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The contours indicate approximate uplift, in meters; they are dashed where inferred.rupture of strained rocks(19). According to the elastic rebound theory, the energy released in seismic waves and in other ways is derived from accumulated elastic-strain energy in deformed blocks of rock as they snap back toward equilibrium on either side of a fracture or fault(20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Tectonic Deformation Associated with the 1964 Alaska Earthquake

Plafker

1965

Science

272

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Alaska's Good Friday earthquake of 27 March 1964 was accompanied by vertical tectonic deformation over an area of 170,000 to 200,000 square kilometers in south-central Alaska. The deformation included two major northeast-trending zones of uplift and subsidence situated between the Aleutian Trench and the Aleutian Volcanic Arc; together they are 700 to 800 kilometers long and from 150 to 250 kilometers wide. The seaward zone is one in which uplift of as much as 10 meters on land and 15 meters on the sea floor has occurred as a result of both crustal warping and local faulting. Submarine uplift within this zone generated a train of seismic sea waves with half-wave amplitudes of more than 7 meters along the coast near the source. The adjacent zone to the northwest is one of subsidence that averages about 1 meter and attains a measured maximum of 2.3 meters. A second zone of slight uplift may exist along all or part of the Aleutian and Alaska ranges northwest of the zone of subsidence.

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confidence: 99%

Tectonic Deformation Associated with the 1964 Alaska Earthquake

Plafker

1965

Science

272

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“…Earlier fault plane solution work for trench areas did not produce results clearly in support of plate tectonics, because of the state of the art in earthquake seismology and focal mechanism research in the late fifties and early sixties. Hodgson (1957) found largely horizontal or strike-slip motion from fault plane solutions for the Fiji-Tonga-Kermadec region. Hodgson's solutions were obtained using Byerly's extended distance method and without the coverage available from the WWSSN network.…”

Section: Application Of Classical Focal Mechanism Techniques To Globamentioning

confidence: 96%

Classical focal mechanism techniques for body waves

Brumbaugh

1979

Geophysical Surveys

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Abstract. The initial motion of primary body waves and polarization directions of secondary body waves have been applied successfully to the study of the mechanism operating at the earthquake focus. Equal area plots of these body wave characteristics resulted in radiation patterns that were compared to patterns due to theoretical focal mechanism sources. Such an approach indicated that a double couple force is the source mechanism operating at earthquake foci. This can be physically represented by faulting at the focus. This seems likely because of the relation between earthquakes and fault motion in shallow earthquakes. The possibility of other mechanisms operating in deep focus earthquakes has not been ruled out.The technique of solving for fault plane orientation/motion in equal area plots of P-wave first motion and S-wave polarization, has been a powerful tool in areas where fault motions cannot be directly observed in studying tectonics. Such an approach has been used to test the theory of global tectonics. This approach has resulted in the confirmation of the suggested mechanics of plate motion, and the results of plate motion, such as spreading of the sea floor from mid-oceanic ridges and underthrusting of lithospheric plates at the sites of oceanic trenches.

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“…He noted that earthquakes occurred along dipping planes beneath the continents or volcanic arcs and proposed that the oceanic side was being thrust beneath the continent or island arc side, as indicated by Honda and Masatsuka's [1952] fi rst-motion studies. But after Benioff's paper, some seismologists incorrectly concluded that great circumPacifi c earthquakes had strike-slip motion [e.g., Hodgson, 1957].…”

Section: Plate Tectonics In Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical Advances Triggered by 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake

Haeussler

Leith²,

Wald

et al. 2014

EoS Transactions

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A little more than 50 years ago, on 27 March 1964, the Great Alaska earthquake and tsunami struck. At moment magnitude 9.2, this earthquake is notable as the largest in U.S. written history and as the second‐largest ever recorded by instruments worldwide. But what resonates today are its impacts on the understanding of plate tectonics, tsunami generation, and earthquake history as well as on the development of national programs to reduce risk from earthquakes and tsunamis.

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Nature of Faulting in Large Earthquakes

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Tectonic Deformation Associated with the 1964 Alaska Earthquake

Tectonic Deformation Associated with the 1964 Alaska Earthquake

Classical focal mechanism techniques for body waves

Geophysical Advances Triggered by 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake

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