Nature of environmental changes in South America at the Last Glacial Maximum

Clapperton, Chalmers M.

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(93)90012-8

Cited by 284 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…21,000-13,000 yrs. BP) (Clapperton, 1993;Tonello & Prieto, 2010). Probably, the prevailing climatic conditions during the deposition of the paleopond sediments have been similar to those presently found.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Two late Pleistocene members of the white-grub complex, one of the most destructive insect pests of turfgrasses

Ramírez¹,

Alonso²

2017

Rev. bras. paleontol.

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-We report the record of two members of one of the most destructive insect pests of turfgrasses from the Late Pleistocene of the Pampean region. The presence of Cyclocephala signaticollis and Diloboderus abderus 12,000 years BP enables us to consider them as paleobio-indicators besides studying them as agricultural pests. This work constitutes the very first record of the genus and species, and the first Quaternary record of Dynastinae in South America. Moreover, this is one of the first paleoentomological studies that take in consideration beetles as bioproxies for the Quaternary of Argentina, and allows us to adjust the paleoclimatic inferences made for the region. This finding argues against the classic interpretations that indicate arid environmental conditions in the Pampean region during the first pulses of post-glacial climate recovery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Two late Pleistocene members of the white-grub complex, one of the most destructive insect pests of turfgrasses

Ramírez¹,

Alonso²

2017

Rev. bras. paleontol.

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“…This finding is in conflict with terrestrial and coral derived SST reconstructions which suggest low latitude LGM temperatures were up to 5-6 1C colder than the present day (e.g. Clapperton, 1993;Guilderson et al, 1994;Stute et al, 1995). Mg/Ca paleothermometry has provided insight to this paleoclimate problem; several Mg/Ca-based temperature reconstructions have yielded tropical LGM temperatures that are 2.0-3.5 1C colder than modern.…”

Section: Mg/ca Temperature Reconstructions For the Lgmmentioning

confidence: 75%

Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca as a proxy for past oceanic temperatures: a methodological overview and data compilation for the Last Glacial Maximum

Barker

Cacho

Benway

et al. 2005

Quaternary Science Reviews

235

163

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As part of the Multi-proxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean (MARGO) incentive, published and unpublished temperature reconstructions for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) based on planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios have been synthesised and made available in an online database. Development and applications of Mg/Ca thermometry are described in order to illustrate the current state of the method. Various attempts to calibrate foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios with temperature, including culture, trap and core-top approaches have given very consistent results although differences in methodological techniques can produce offsets between laboratories which need to be assessed and accounted for where possible. Dissolution of foraminiferal calcite at the sea-floor generally causes a lowering of Mg/Ca ratios. This effect requires further study in order to account and potentially correct for it if dissolution has occurred. Mg/Ca thermometry has advantages over other paleotemperature proxies including its use to investigate changes in the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater and the ability to reconstruct changes in the thermal structure of the water column by use of multiple species from different depth and or seasonal habitats. Presently available data are somewhat limited to low latitudes where they give fairly consistent values for the temperature difference between Late Holocene and the LGM (2-3.5 1C). Data from higher latitudes are more sparse, and suggest there may be complicating factors when comparing between multi-proxy reconstructions. r

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“…Superposed on annual periodic rainfall variation, the region around 28°S is subjected to episodic variations from arid to semiarid conditions due to increased moisture transport from the south controlled by a northward shift of the Southern Westerlies during glacial periods (e.g. Scholl et al, 1970;Heusser, 1989;Clapperton, 1993;Veit, 1996;Lamy et al, 1998;Lamy et al, 2000;Jenny et al, 2002;Romero et al, 2006;Hebbeln et al, 2007). Less extensive shifts of the Westerlies have occurred on shorter timescales in the recent geologic past, i.e.…”

Section: Climatic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The topographic imprint of a transient climate episode: the western Andean flank between 15·5° and 41·5°S

Rehak

Bookhagen

Strecker

et al. 2010

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Mountain-range topography is determined by the complex interplay between tectonics and climate. However, often it is not clear to what extent climate forces topographic evolution and how past climatic episodes are reflected in relief. The Andes are a tectonically active mountain belt encompassing various climatic zones with pronounced differences in rainfall and glacier extent under similar plate-boundary conditions. In the Central to South-Western Andes climatic zones range from hyperarid desert with mean annual rainfall of 5 mm/a (22.5°S) to year-round humidity with 2500 mm/a (40°S). The Andes thus provide a unique setting for investigating the relationship between climate and topography. We present the analysis of 120 catchments along the western Andean watersheds between 15.5° and 41.5°S, which is based on SRTMV3-90m data and the new medium-resolution rainfall (TRMM) dataset. For each basin, we extracted geometry, relief, and climate parameters to test whether Andean topography shows a climatic imprint and to analyze how climate influences relief. Our data document that elevation and relief decrease with increasing rainfall and descending snowline elevation. Furthermore, we show that local relief reaches high values of 750 m in a zone between 28° to 35°S. During Pleistocene glacial stages this region was affected by the northward shifting southern hemisphere Westerlies, which provided moisture for valley-glacier formation and extended glacial coverage as well as glacial erosion. In contrast, the southern regions between 35° to 40°S receive higher rainfall and have a lower local relief of 200 m, probably related to an increased drainage density. We distinguish two different, climatically-controlled mechanisms shaping topography: (1) fluvial erosion by prolonged channel-hillslope coupling, which smoothes relief, and (2) erosion by valley glaciers that generates relief. Finally, our results suggests that the catchment-scale relief of the Andes between 28° to 35°S is characterized by a pronounced transient component reflecting past climatic conditions.

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Nature of environmental changes in South America at the Last Glacial Maximum

Cited by 284 publications

References 21 publications

Two late Pleistocene members of the white-grub complex, one of the most destructive insect pests of turfgrasses

Two late Pleistocene members of the white-grub complex, one of the most destructive insect pests of turfgrasses

Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca as a proxy for past oceanic temperatures: a methodological overview and data compilation for the Last Glacial Maximum

The topographic imprint of a transient climate episode: the western Andean flank between 15·5° and 41·5°S

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