Nature-Based Restoration Simulation for Disaster-Prone Coastal Area Using Green Infrastructure Effect

Abstract

Floods in coastal areas are caused by a range of complex factors such as typhoons and heavy rainfall, and this issue has become increasingly serious as interference has occurred in the social-ecological system in recent years. Given the structural limitations and high maintenance costs of the existing gray infrastructure, the need for a nature-based restoration plan utilizing green infrastructure has been raised. The purpose of this study is to simulate the restoration process through the quantification of green infrastructure effects along with resilience in disaster-prone coastal areas, and to present it as nature-based restoration planning. For this purpose, first, a disaster-prone area was derived from Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea, which was affected by typhoons. In order to simulate the runoff from typhoon “Chaba” in the target area and the effects of reducing the runoff of green infrastructure, relevant data was collected and a model constructed. Finally, the effects of the green infrastructure as applied to the disaster-prone area were quantified by means of resilience and a nature-based restoration plan was presented. As a result of this study, first, the runoff reduction effect was greatest when the maximum biotope area ratio of 30% was applied to the artificial ground. In the case of the green roof, the effect was the greatest 6 h following the typhoon passing through, and the effects of the infiltration storage facility was greater 9 h following the same. Porous pavement exhibited the lowest runoff reduction effect. In terms of resilience, it was found that the system was restored to its original state after the biotope area ratio of 20% was applied. This study is significant in that it analyzes the effects of green infrastructure based upon the concept of resilience and connects them to nature-based restoration planning. Based on this, it will be provided as an important tool for planning policy management to effectively respond to future coastal disasters.

A New Method for Selecting the Geometry of Systems for Surface Infiltration of Stormwater with Retention

“…Therefore, the widest possible implementation of such solutions should be pursued. This is confirmed by research by Song et al [22], who noted that the existing gray infrastructure requires nature-based restoration using GI. The need to use nature-based solutions that eliminate the negative effects of urbanization has also been highlighted by other authors [23,24].…”

Green Roofs as an Urban NbS Strategy for Rainwater Retention: Influencing Factors—A Review

“…Given the shift of populations from rural to urban areas, thereby resulting in the enlargement of urban areas, and an increase in the number of man-made structures and buildings, a decrease in the accessibility to green spaces has occurred, and therefore an exacerbation of issues related to flooding and water quality (stormwater management) as well as air quality have been observed in urban areas. Therefore, the effectiveness of these solutions in rural areas are not so determinant since the impermeability of roofs combined with a reduction in green areas is more noticeable in cities, due to their densification in recent years [18].…”

“…As an example, the use of vegetated sustainable drainage systems (SUDS) in the UK is encouraged (e.g., green roofs, vegetated swales, rain gardens), for surface water runoff management due to their similarity to natural processes (i.e., infiltrating and attenuating), constituting thus a further sustainable and resilient measure for stormwater management [20]. Furthermore, and due to the structural constraints and high maintenance costs of the current grey infrastructures, Song et al 2023 [18] emphasize the significance of NbS in overcoming coastal flooding, describing that a maximum of 30% of the green infrastructure area (that may respond to climate change and the recovery of natural ecological processes away from the artificial area) offered the best flood protection and resilience. Infiltration storage facilities, followed by green roofs, are the most effective kind of land cover, while porous pavement has the lowest impact.…”

“…Green Roofs (GRs-engineered rooftops that sustain vegetation over a multilayer structure), a type of NbS [5,12,18], contribute to improving urban environments' sustainability and resilience when implemented on a large scale. Among the multiple benefits that GRs provide, we can point out (1) multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity improvement;…”

A Review of Recent Developments on Modeling Low Impact Development (LID) Technique

“…Climate change can increase rainfall and its return period, resulting in excess flow and increased runoff and pollutant rates. Not only in urban areas but also in coastal areas, LID implementation is needed to reduce the risk of flooding due to typhoon storms [34]. LID practices can effectively reduce urban inundation, including hydraulic parameters such as inundation depth, inundation area, and inundation time [35].…”