Nature and Successional Status of Western Juniper Vegetation in Idaho

Abstract

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Broad-Scale Assessment of Rangeland Health, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, USA

“…These conditions correspond to the distribution of mountain and Wyoming big sagebrush (West et al 1979a(West et al , 1979b. Burkhardt and Tisdale (1969) found mountain big sagebrush sites most vulnerable to displacement by western juniper, and black sagebrush sites to be less vulnerable.…”

Effects of fire management of southwestern natural resources

“…However, droughts and competition from grass probably only served to slow the invasion and growth of junipers in adjacent grasslands, since the trees are easily established during wet years Oohnsen 1962), especially where shade is present (Meagher 1943 ). Fire, occurring about every 10 to 30 years (Leopold 1924), kept the junipers restricted to shallow, rocky soils and rough topography (Arend 1950, Burkhardt and Tisdale 1969. For the last 70 years, however, heavy livestock grazing has reduced grass competition as well as fuel for fires.…”

Journal of Range Management, Volume 53, Number 1 (January 2000)

“…La dinámica inicial de las plantas en este sitio sostiene el modelo de sucesión de punto de entrada múltiple conforme los zacates perennes y el "bluegrass" constituyen la mayoría de la biomasa y cobertura total de la vegetación herbácea. (Burkhardt and Tisdale 1969, Eddleman 1987, Miller and Rose 1995. Reduced fire frequency is the main causal factor attributed to the expansion of juniper Tisdale 1976, Evans andYoung 1985).…”

“…Reductions in fine fuel loads as a result of heavy livestock grazing at the turn of the century and additional fire suppression have further reduced fire frequency in shrub steppe communities Tisdale 1976, Miller andWigand 1994). Succession to juniper-dominated communities is accompanied by reductions in understory productivity (West 1984, Vaitkus andEddleman 1987), cover (Driscoll 1964), and diversity (Burkhardt and Tisdale 1969), increased site aridity (Angell and Miller 1994), and accelerated soil erosion (Buckhouse and Mattison 1980).…”

“…Since the late 1800's western juniper has increased in density and spatial extent in central and eastern Oregon, northeastern California, and southwestern Idaho (Miller and Wigand 1994). Prior to Euro-American settlement, western juniper was largely confined to areas with shallow rocky soils underlain by fractured bedrock (Burkhardt and Tisdale 1969, Miller and Wigand 1994, Miller and Rose 1995 …”