Nature and origin of the violet stains on the walls of a Roman tomb

Domínguez-Moñino, Irene; Diaz-Herraiz, Marta; Jurado, Valme; Láiz, Leonila; Miller, Ana Z.; Santos, Juan Luís; Alonso, Esteban; Sáiz‐Jiménez, Cesáreo

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.017

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…To this end, a detailed study for species identification requires multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA): atpD (ATP synthase β-subunit), gyrB (DNA gyrase β-subunit), recA (recombinase A), rpoB (RNA polymerase β-subunit) and trpB (tryptophan synthase β-subunit) and DNA-DNA hybridization (Dominguez-Moñino et al, 2017), an approach that is out of our scope.…”

Section: Griseus S Fulvissimus S Anulatus S Cinereorectus S Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activities of culturable microorganisms (actinomycetes and fungi) isolated from Chaabe Cave, Algeria

Belyagoubi¹,

Belyagoubi-Benhammou²,

Jurado³

et al. 2018

IJS

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Abstract:The discovery of new antibiotics and other bioactive microbial metabolites is a priority given the frequency of the emerging multi-drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, scientists are searching for new antibiotics in microorganisms isolated from extreme habitats such as caves. In the present study, we aimed to perform the first analysis on culturable microorganisms in the Chaabe Cave (Algeria), and to test the antimicrobial activities of the isolates (Streptomyces spp. and Penicillium spp.). The potential for antimicrobial activity of 47 strains of actinomycetes and 23 strains of fungi were tested on Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The identification of the most active actinomycetes strains by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that these isolates were exclusively affiliated to the genus Streptomyces. On the other hand, the fungi were determined by phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS region or on the β tubulin gene and were affiliated to the genera Readeriella, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Beauveria, Alternaria, Rhizopus, and Rhizomucor. The strains showed strong inhibitory activity against pathogenic microorganisms and the diameters of the inhibition zones vary between 7.5 and 34 mm for Streptomyces strains, and between 6.5 and 19.50 mm for Penicillium strains. The data indicated that the majority (72.86%) of the 70 isolates were active against at least one of the tested microorganisms. The production of nonpolyenic antifungal substances by active Streptomyces isolates was investigated using several criteria (antibacterial activity, ergosterol inhibition, and UV-visible spectra) of active extracts. The results were promising and showed that the metabolites produced by the actinomycete strains do not have a UVvisible spectrum characteristic of a polyenic structure. The Chaabe Cave possesses a diversity of microorganisms that could lead to new antibiotics necessary in the fight against drug-resistant pathogens and warrant further study.

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Section: Griseus S Fulvissimus S Anulatus S Cinereorectus S Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activities of culturable microorganisms (actinomycetes and fungi) isolated from Chaabe Cave, Algeria

Belyagoubi¹,

Belyagoubi-Benhammou²,

Jurado³

et al. 2018

IJS

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“…Losses of materials due to anthropic actions, such as graffitis and scratches, are present in most tombs open to the public. These aggressions favour the dissemination of microbial colonies, which is very patent in the Circular Mausoleum, as described by Dominguez-Moñino et al [6].…”

Section: Disintegration Sanding Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…When desiccation occurs, for example by intense direct sunlight or dryness periods, the mats turn dark to black and its association with saline efflorescence or other surface deposits is common. • Colonizations by non-phototrophic microorganisms produce stains more restricted than the green mats; an example is the violet stains that appear inside the Circular Mausoleum which are caused by the excretion of pigments by Streptomyces [5,6,8]. In addition, a number of bacteria have been described in the tombs, including some novel species [4,20,21].…”

Section: Biological Colonizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seepage of rain water and/or irrigation favour the existence of damp vertical surfaces in the tombs, which are readily colonized by bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, and in the extreme cases by bryophytes, ferns and a small number of vascular plants. A few reports on the biological deterioration of some tombs have been published [1][2][3][4][5][6] and comparatively less data are available on the mineralogy and weathering of the calcarenite rock [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study on the state of conservation of the Roman Necropolis of Carmona (Sevilla, Spain)

Sánchez‐Moral

Cañaveras

Benavente

et al. 2018

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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The Roman Necropolis of Carmona (Sevilla, Spain) has experienced a severe deterioration since the accidental discovery in 1868, subsequent archaeological excavations starting in 1882 and adaptations of the whole archaeological area for visits. To this deterioration contributed the location in a soft calcarenite rock quarry, the adverse environmental conditions and the numerous and extensive wrong archaeological and managing interventions along more than a century. The cultural, artistic and religious importance of this Necropolis converts the protection and conservation of this archaeological site in a major issue. This work present the data obtained in a multidisciplinary research in which geology, geomorphology, micro-environmental and climatic monitoring, description of weathering forms and biological colonization were considered in order to propose corrective measures to minimize further deterioration.

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“…Many fungal species, such as Alternaria, Aspergillus, Acremonium, Arthobotrys, Auerobasidium, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Drechslera, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, Mucor, Phoma, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Trichothecium have been isolated from the stone monuments found in different countries. The growth of these fungal genera on stone monuments was the origin of staining and decay of stone material of these monuments (Strzelczyk, 2004 andDominguez-Moñino et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and management of fungal deterioration of ancient limestone at different sites along Egypt

Mohamed

Ibrahim

2018

Egypt. J. Microbiol.

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F UNGI play a very treacherous role in the biodeterioration of stone monuments, leading to their loss. In order to preserve these monuments, the incidence and the biodeterioration effect of fungi on ancient limestone monuments at different Egyptian sites were evaluated. Specimens as well as swabs were collected from different Egyptian sites including, Seti Ι tomb at Luxor, Senusret Ι obelisk of Al Mattaryia district, Giza pyramid complex and related tomb, storehouse of National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC), Mosque of Judge Abd El Basset (Gamaliya), Roman Amphitheatre of Alexandria and Ismailia Museum of Antiquities. Seti Ι tomb, Mosque of judge Abd El basset and Senusret Ι obelisk were the most sites occupied by fungi, while Giza pyramid complex and Museum of Ismailia Antiquities were the lowest ones. Aspergillus niger and A. terreus were the most common and dominant fungal deteriogens of all archaeological sites, followed by Cladosporium cladosporidis, C. hebarum and A. fumigatus. Cladosporium herbarum showed the highest stone dissolution value, 23.3%, followed by A. terreus and A. niger (21.7% and 20.7%, respectively). Stone cubes incubated for two months with C. herbarum showed different aspects of deterioration including discoloration, dark pigmentation, powdering and dissolution. Also compressive strength and stone porosity were reduced by 27.7% and 25.7%, respectively. Synthetic antimicrobials; PCMC, certrimonium and TEAB inhibited all stone colonizing fungal isolates at concentrations of 1.25g/L, 5g/L and 2.5g/L, respectively, while natural antimicrobials; cinnamon, thyme and clove oil inhibited fungal isolates at concentrations of 5g/L, 5g/L and 10g/L, respectively.

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Nature and origin of the violet stains on the walls of a Roman tomb

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Antimicrobial activities of culturable microorganisms (actinomycetes and fungi) isolated from Chaabe Cave, Algeria

Antimicrobial activities of culturable microorganisms (actinomycetes and fungi) isolated from Chaabe Cave, Algeria

A study on the state of conservation of the Roman Necropolis of Carmona (Sevilla, Spain)

Characterization and management of fungal deterioration of ancient limestone at different sites along Egypt

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