Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds—A Comprehensive Review

A Survey of Recently Discovered Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds

“…The discovery of naturally occurring organohalogen compounds has increased astronomically in the 55 years since they were first reviewedfrom fewer than 50 in 1968 to a combined 7,958 described examples in three comprehensive reviews. − The present survey brings the number of known natural organohalogens to approximately 8,400, and coverage begins where ref stops. The organization is according to species origin, similar to a previous account …”

Informatics and Computational Approaches for the Discovery and Optimization of Natural Product-Inspired Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 2′-O-Methyltransferase

“…Reactions were initiated with the Nsp10−16 methyltransferase complex. To generate an IC 50 were quenched directly on the Amersham Hybond-XL membrane and allowed to dry before washing twice with ammonium carbonate (pH 9.1), once with water, and once with 100% ethanol. The membrane was allowed to dry before being added to 5 mL of an Ultima Gold scintillation cocktail and subjected to scintillation counting.…”

High Amounts of Halogenated Natural Products in Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus) from Two Italian Regions in the Mediterranean Sea

“…With currently >8000 known representatives, halogenated natural products (HNPs) represent a remarkable substance class of predominantly marine origins . Individual HNPs differ considerably in molecular size, as well as the type and number of halogen substituents. − Interestingly, some HNPs have been detected at elevated amounts in higher organisms. − This implies that these HNPs are persistent and bioaccumulative, i.e.…”

“…With currently >8000 known representatives, halogenated natural products (HNPs) represent a remarkable substance class of predominantly marine origins . Individual HNPs differ considerably in molecular size, as well as the type and number of halogen substituents. − Interestingly, some HNPs have been detected at elevated amounts in higher organisms. − This implies that these HNPs are persistent and bioaccumulative, i.e. detrimental properties mainly known from man-made polyhalogenated compounds that have partly been classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) due to their reported toxicity or adverse effects on different ecosystems. − This subgroup of HNPs includes bromophenols such as 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) and bromoanisoles such as 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (TBA) along with polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives (PBHDs), polyhalogenated 1′-methyl-1,2′-bipyrroles (PMBPs) including the heptachlorinated Q1, polyhalogenated 1,1′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyrroles (PDBPs) such as 5,5′-dichloro-1,1′-dimethyl-3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromo-2,2′-bipyrrole (5,5′-Cl 2 -3,3′,4,4′-Br 4 -DBP), polyhalogenated methoxy diphenyl ethers (especially 2′-MeO-BDE 68 and 6-MeO-BDE 47), and the dimethoxy diphenyl ether 2′,6-diMeO-BDE 68. − Further frequently reported persistent and bioaccumulative HNPs are 2,2′-dimethoxy-3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobiphenyl (2,2′-diMeO-BB 80), 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo- N -methylpyrrole (TBMP), and the mixed halogenated monoterpene (1 R ,2 S ,4 R ,5 R ,1′E)-2-bromo-1-bromomethyl-1,4-dichloro-5-(2′-chloroethenyl)-5-methylcyclohexane (MHC-1) …”

“…As a consequence, several persistent and bioaccumulative HNPs have been classified as emerging contaminants by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, although their occurrence on earth may cover multiple millions of years . Still, comparably little is known about the global distribution of HNPs in the oceans and their bioactivity and toxicity. − ,− …”