Naturally-occurring fatigue and cardiovascular response to a simple memory challenge

Mlynski, Christopher; Wright, Rex A.; Agtarap, Stephanie; Rojas, Juan Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.02.011

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Particularly as the pupil response reflects a combination of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity, whereas PEP is solely related to sympathetic nervous system activity. Generally, studies using cardiovascular measures during nonlistening tasks have shown that provided the task is judged to be possible, fatigue leads to a greater effort investment (Schmidt et al 2010; Mlynski et al 2017). The rationale, based upon MIT, is that fatigued individuals have depleted resources and therefore perceive easier tasks to be more demanding than their nonfatigued counterparts do (Wright et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Influences of Task Demand and Reward on Cardiac Pre-Ejection Period Reactivity During a Speech-in-Noise Task

et al. 2020

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Objectives: Effort investment during listening varies as a function of task demand and motivation. Several studies have manipulated both these factors to elicit and measure changes in effort associated with listening. The cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP) is a relatively novel measure in the field of cognitive hearing science. This measure, which reflects sympathetic nervous system activity on the heart, has previously been implemented during a tone discrimination task but not during a speechin-noise task. Therefore, the primary goal of this study was to explore the influences of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and monetary reward level on PEP reactivity during a speech-in-noise task. Design: Thirty-two participants with normal hearing (mean age = 22.22 years, SD = 3.03) were recruited at VU University Medical Center. Participants completed a Dutch speech-in-noise test with a singleinterfering-talker masking noise. Six fixed SNRs, selected to span the entire psychometric performance curve, were presented in a block-wise fashion. Participants could earn a low (€0.20) or high (€5.00) reward by obtaining a score of ≥70% of words correct in each block. The authors analyzed PEP reactivity: the change in PEP measured during the task, relative to the baseline during rest. Two separate methods of PEP analysis were used, one including data from the whole task block and the other including data obtained during presentation of the target sentences only. After each block, participants rated their effort investment, performance, tendency to give up, and the perceived difficulty of the task. They also completed the need for recovery questionnaire and the reading span test, which are indices of additional factors (fatigue and working memory capacity, respectively) that are known to influence listening effort. Results: Average sentence perception scores ranged from 2.73 to 91.62%, revealing a significant effect of SNR. In addition, an improvement in performance was elicited by the high, compared to the low reward level. A linear relationship between SNR and PEP reactivity was demonstrated: at the lower SNRs PEP reactivity was the most negative, indicating greater effort investment compared to the higher SNRs. The target stimuli method of PEP analysis was more sensitive to this effect than the block-wise method. Contrary to expectations, no significant impact of reward on PEP reactivity was found in the present dataset. Also, there was no physiological evidence that participants were disengaged, even when performance was poor. A significant correlation between need for recovery scores and average PEP reactivity was demonstrated, indicating that a lower need for recovery was associated with less effort investment. Conclusions: This study successfully implemented the measurement of PEP during a standard speech-in-noise test and included two distinct methods of PEP analysis. The results revealed for the first time that PEP reactivity varies linearly with task demand during a speech-in-noise task, although the effect size was small. No e...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Influences of Task Demand and Reward on Cardiac Pre-Ejection Period Reactivity During a Speech-in-Noise Task

et al. 2020

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“…Findings for diastolic-and mean arterial pressure have been mixed, with responses sometimes corresponding to effort predictions but often not. Interestingly, a few studies have generated positive effects for diastolic pressure or heart rate alone (Eubanks, Wright, & Williams, 2002;Mlynski, Wright, Agtarap, & Rojas, 2017;Mlynski, Wright, & Kelly, 2020;Storey, Wright, & Williams, 1996), presenting the possibility that different control mechanisms might operate under different performance conditions (see also Waldstein, Bachen, &Manuck, 1997, andrelevant remarks by Richter et al, 2016). However, these atypical results could reflect statistical error associated with replication and extension of prior work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality salience, effort, and cardiovascular response to a bar‐press challenge: Remarkably nuanced effects of a death prime on heart performance

et al. 2020

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We presented participants with a bar-pressing challenge relevant to their identity after having exposed them to a prime that made their mortality more or less salient. For some participants, difficulty was low; for others, it was high; for the rest, it was unfixed. As expected, heart pre-ejection period responses-reflecting heart contraction force-were (a) stronger under high-salience conditions when difficulty was high and unfixed, but (b) low regardless of salience when difficulty was low. Findings bear out conceptually and extend results from a previous experiment. In doing so, they add substantively to a new line of support for terror management theory and document the predictive utility of a proposed blended analysis of associated effort processes. The blended analysis speaks to the way in which motives to manage existential terror should convert into active goal striving and to the impact that existential threat might have on aspects of autonomic arousal.

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“…Instructions directed participants to rate how they currently felt on the indicated affective dimensions. The subscales were expected to inversely correlate and were included to assess subjective fatigue, following reasoning and findings from other investigations (Mlynski et al., 2017; Nolte et al., 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As expected, preliminary analyses indicated that energy and tiredness subscale scores were correlated (baseline, r = −.57; post‐fatigue induction, r = −.59; post‐fatigue influence, r = −.67). Accordingly, we combined (averaged) them to create reported fatigue indexes, reversing values for energy so that higher index values would reflect greater fatigue (Mlynski et al., 2017). To examine change relative to baseline, we computed reported fatigue index ∆ scores corresponding roughly to the ∆ scores computed for the cardiovascular measures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigators predicted the interaction for systolic blood pressure because systolic responses tend to increase with heart contraction force, which varies closely with β‐adrenergic stimulation (Brownley et al., 2000). Other supportive fatigue studies manipulated success importance (Stewart et al., 2009; Wright et al, 2013), manipulated physical fatigue (Marcora et al., 2009; Wright & Penacerrada, 2002; Wright et al., 2012), and assessed natural fatigue influence (Mlynski et al., 2017; Schmidt et al., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatigue influence on inhibitory control: Cardiovascular and performance findings elucidate the role of restraint intensity

et al. 2021

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have detailed an analysis of behavioral restraint that provides suggestions regarding fatigue influence on inhibitory control. A well-known limited resource model (LRM) by Baumeister suggests that fatigue should directly impair it (Baumeister & Heatherington, 1996;Muraven & Baumeister, 2000). By contrast, the behavioral restraint analysis suggests-first-that fatigue might affect control indirectly by impacting the intensity of restraint. Second, fatigue should impair control consistently only when it leads people to withhold restraint effort. The present experiment tested these suggestions. It defined restraint as active resistance against an unwanted behavioral urge (affective impulse) and inhibitory control in terms of restraint success. People maintain control when they successfully resist an unwanted urge. They fail to maintain control when they succumb.

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Naturally-occurring fatigue and cardiovascular response to a simple memory challenge

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Investigating the Influences of Task Demand and Reward on Cardiac Pre-Ejection Period Reactivity During a Speech-in-Noise Task

Investigating the Influences of Task Demand and Reward on Cardiac Pre-Ejection Period Reactivity During a Speech-in-Noise Task

Mortality salience, effort, and cardiovascular response to a bar‐press challenge: Remarkably nuanced effects of a death prime on heart performance

Fatigue influence on inhibitory control: Cardiovascular and performance findings elucidate the role of restraint intensity

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