Naturally Occurring Ehrlichia chaffeensis Infection in Coyotes from Oklahoma

Kocan, A. Alan; Levesque, G. C.; Whitworth, Lisa; Murphy, George L.; Ewing, S. A.; Barker, R. W.

doi:10.3201/eid0605.000505

Cited by 84 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…in coyotes. This finding contrasts with a study that used PCR of whole blood to show that E. chaffeensis, but not E. ewingii or E. canis, was present in coyotes in Oklahoma (Kocan et al, 2000). However, recent studies have shown that evidence of past or current infection with E. ewingii is twofold to 10-fold more common than that to E. chaffeensis or E. canis in domestic dogs Beall et al, 2012).…”

contrasting

confidence: 52%

“…pose the greatest infection risk to both canids and humans because of the high population of A. americanum in this region (Bowman et al, 2009;Dahlgren et al, 2011Dahlgren et al, , 2012. Infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis has been documented in coyotes from this area previously (Kocan et al, 2000), although subsequent work has shown that Ehrlichia ewingii is the most common Ehrlichia spp. in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) from this region .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Domestic and wild canids also can become infected with a variety of tick-borne protozoa and bacteria (Kocan et al, 1999(Kocan et al, , 2000Evers et al, 2003;Paras et al, 2012). In the south-central USA, Ehrlichia spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Antibodies to Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Oklahoma and Texas, USA

Starkey

West

Barrett

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Coyotes (Canis latrans) are commonly infested with ticks, including Amblyomma americanum, the predominant vector of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii; Dermacentor variabilis, an important vector of Rickettsia rickettsii; and Amblyomma maculatum, a major vector of Rickettsia parkeri, a spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia. To determine the degree to which coyotes are infected with or exposed to tick-borne bacterial disease agents, serum samples collected from coyotes in Oklahoma and Texas were tested for antibodies reactive to R. rickettsii, Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) testing or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the coyotes tested, 60% (46/77) and 64% (47/74) had antibodies reactive to R. rickettsii and E. chaffeensis, respectively, on IFA. Additionally, 5% (4/77) had antibodies reactive to E. canis, but not B. burgdorferi or A. phagocytophilum, on SNAPH 4DxH ELISA; subsequent serologic analysis by plate ELISA using species-specific peptides revealed antibodies to E. ewingii, E. canis, and E. chaffeensis in 46% (23/50), 18% (9/50), and 4% (2/50) of serum samples, respectively. Taken together, these data indicate that coyotes in this region are commonly exposed to SFG Rickettsia and E. ewingii and that further consideration of coyotes as a component of the maintenance cycle for these pathogens may be warranted.

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confidence: 52%

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Antibodies to Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Oklahoma and Texas, USA

Starkey

West

Barrett

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…: ECC (5´-aga acg aac gct ggc ggc aag cc -3´) and ECB (5´-cgt att acc gcg gct gct ggc -3) that amplify a fragment of 478 bp (PERSING, 1996;KOCAN et al, 2000), for the A. phagocytophilum 16sRNA gene: gE3a (5' -cac atg caa gtc gaa cgg att att c -3'), gE10R (5' -ttc cgt taa gaa gga tct aat ctc c -3'), gE2 (5' -ggc agt att aaa agc agc tcc agg -3') and gE9F (5' -aac gga tta ttc ttt ata gct tgc t -3') that amplify fragments of 932 and 546 bp (MASSUNG et al, 1998), respectively, and for the A. phagocytophilum msp2 gene: MSP 465F (5´ -tga tgt tgt tac tgg aca ga -3´) and MSP 980R (5´ -cac cta acc ttc ata aga a -3´) that amplifies a 550 bp fragment (CASPERSEN et al, 2002). All the amplification reaction mixtures and the cycling parameters were performed as previously described by the authors cited above.…”

Section: Pcr Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serologic evidence of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis in horses from central West Brazil

Salvagni

Dagnone

Gomes³

et al. 2010

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Ehrlichiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by gram-negative and intracellular obligatory bacterial organisms. Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis - EGA (formerly Equine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, EGE) is a seasonal disease, normally self-limited in horses. There are few reports in Brazil about this ehrlichial agent, as well as its natural vectors. Nowadays, veterinarians are considering the suspicion of EGA in horses with suggestive symptoms of ehrlichiosis and which do not respond to piroplasmosis treatment. The aim of the present study was to identify horses exposed to the agent A. phagocytophilum by serological and molecular techniques. Twenty equine blood and serum samples from the central West region of Brazil were evaluated by microscopic examination of buffy coat smear, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). Additionally, the serodiagnosis of Theileria equi by IFA and ELISA were carried out, as well as molecular diagnosis by nPCR. Thirteen (65%) serum samples were positive for A. phagocytophilum by ELISA, but none of them were positive by buffy-coat smear examination or nPCR. Antibodies IgG anti-T. equi were detected in 18 (90%) and 17 (85%) horses by IFA and ELISA, respectively and the agent was detected in 9 (45%) animals by nPCR. Our data may be considered as important information to understanding the occurrence of EGA and equine piroplasmosis in central West Brazil.

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“…Humans are incidental hosts of these pathogens, and the recent emergence of ehrlichiosis in humans has been associated with changes in ecology, demographics, and host susceptibility. 1 Ehrlichia chaffeensis, [2][3][4] Ehrlichia ewingii, 5,6 and Ehrlichia canis 7,8 cause ehrlichioses of medical and veterinary importance, with E. chaffeensis and E. canis being the primary agents of severe and sometimes fatal human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME) and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), respectively. E. chaffeensis was first identified as an agent of human disease in 1987 in the United States, 2 whereas globally distributed E. canis was first identified in Africa as early as 1935 9 and in North America in 1962.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Medically Important Ehrlichia by Quantitative Multicolor TaqMan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction of the dsb Gene

Doyle

Labruna

Breitschwerdt

et al. 2005

The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics

205

117

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Ehrlichia species are the etiological agents of emerging and life-threatening tick-borne human zoonoses, in addition to causing serious and fatal infections in companion animals and livestock. We developed the first tricolor TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay capable of simultaneously detecting and discriminating medically important ehrlichiae in a single reaction. Analytical sensitivity of 50 copies per reaction was attained with templates from Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and Ehrlichia canis by amplifying the genus-specific disulfide bond formation protein gene (dsb). Ehrlichia genus-specific dsb primers amplified DNA from all known Ehrlichia species but not from other rickettsial organisms including Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia conorii, or Rickettsia typhi. High species specificity was attained as each species-specific TaqMan probe (E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and E. canis) identified homologous templates but did not cross-hybridize with heterologous Ehrlichia templates at concentrations as high as 10 8 copies. Identification of E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and E. canis from natural and experimental infections, previously confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and serological or microscopic evidence, demonstrated the comparable specificity and sensitivity of the dsb real-time assay. This assay provides a powerful tool for prospective medical diagnosis for human and canine ehrlichioses and for ecologic and epidemiological studies involving arthropod and mammalian hosts. (J Mol Diagn 2005, 7:504 -510)

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Naturally Occurring Ehrlichia chaffeensis Infection in Coyotes from Oklahoma

Cited by 84 publications

References 19 publications

Prevalence of Antibodies to Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Oklahoma and Texas, USA

Prevalence of Antibodies to Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Oklahoma and Texas, USA

Serologic evidence of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis in horses from central West Brazil

Detection of Medically Important Ehrlichia by Quantitative Multicolor TaqMan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction of the dsb Gene

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