Naturally Occurring Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance in a Central American Tomato Accession Is Caused by Loss of <i>Mlo</i> Function

Bai, Yuling; Pavan, Stefano; Zheng, Zhong; Zappel, N.F.; Reinstädler, Anja; Lotti, Concetta; Giovanni, Claudio De; Ricciardi, Luigi M.; Lindhout, P.; Visser, R.G.F.; Theres, Klaus; Panstruga, Ralph

doi:10.1094/mpmi-21-1-0030

Cited by 269 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Two subsequent gain-of-function mutations in Lr34sus-D gave rise to the resistant Lr34res-D allele. Spontaneous emergence of disease resistance has been described for mlo genes in barley, Arabidopsis, tomato and pea (Bai et al 2008;Consonni et al 2006;Humphry et al 2011;Piffanelli et al 2004). Several induced and natural loss-of-function mutations in Mlo genes in these species conferred recessive, durable and broad-spectrum resistance against powdery mildews.…”

Section: Evolution Of Lr34 Resistance In Hexaploid Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent emergence of the wheat Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance: insights from haplotype analysis in wheat, rice, sorghum and Aegilops tauschii

Krattinger

Jordan

Mace³

et al. 2012

Theor Appl Genet

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Spontaneous sequence changes and the selection of beneficial mutations are driving forces of gene diversification and key factors of evolution. In highly dynamic co-evolutionary processes such as plant-pathogen interactions, the plant's ability to rapidly adapt to newly emerging pathogens is paramount. The hexaploid wheat gene Lr34, which encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, confers durable field resistance against four fungal diseases. Despite its extensive use in breeding and agriculture, no increase in virulence towards Lr34 has been described over the last century. The wheat genepool contains two predominant Lr34 alleles of which only one confers disease resistance. The two alleles, located on chromosome 7DS, differ by only two exon-polymorphisms. Putatively functional homoeologs and orthologs of Lr34 are found on the B-genome of wheat and in rice and sorghum, but not in maize, barley and Brachypodium. In this study we present a detailed haplotype analysis of homoeologous and orthologous Lr34 genes in genetically and geographically diverse selections of wheat, rice and sorghum accessions. We found that the resistant Lr34 haplotype is unique to the wheat D-genome and is not found in the B-genome of wheat or in rice and sorghum. Furthermore, we only found the susceptible Lr34 allele in a set of 252 Ae. tauschii genotypes, the progenitor of the wheat D-genome. These data provide compelling evidence that the Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance is the result of recent gene diversification occurring after the formation of hexaploid wheat about 8,000 years ago. AbstractSpontaneous sequence changes and the selection of beneficial mutations are driving forces of gene diversification and key factors of evolution. In highly dynamic coevolutionary processes such as plant-pathogen interactions, the plant's ability to rapidly adapt to newly emerging pathogens is paramount. The hexaploid wheat gene Lr34, which encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, confers durable field resistance against four fungal diseases. Despite its extensive use in breeding and agriculture, no increase in virulence towards Lr34 has been described over the last century. The wheat genepool contains two predominant Lr34 alleles of which only one confers disease resistance. The two alleles, located on chromosome 7DS, differ by only two exon polymorphisms. Putatively functional homoeologs and orthologs of Lr34 are found on the B-genome of wheat and in rice and sorghum, but not in maize, barley and Brachypodium. In this study we present a detailed haplotype analysis of homoeologous and orthologous Lr34 genes in genetically and geographically diverse selections of wheat, rice and sorghum accessions. We found that the resistant Lr34 haplotype is unique to the wheat D-genome and is not found in the B-genome of wheat or in rice and sorghum. Furthermore, we only found the susceptible Lr34 allele in a set of 252 Ae. tauschii genotypes, the progenitor of the wheat D-genome. These data provide compelling evidence that the Lr34 mult...

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Section: Evolution Of Lr34 Resistance In Hexaploid Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent emergence of the wheat Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance: insights from haplotype analysis in wheat, rice, sorghum and Aegilops tauschii

Krattinger

Jordan

Mace³

et al. 2012

Theor Appl Genet

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“…Two other closely related Arabidopsis genes, AtMLO6 and AtMLO12, are also mutated, along with AtMLO2, to achieve complete PM resistance (Consonni et al, 2006). Subsequently, the absence of MLO genes (SlMLO) was demonstrated to be the cause of PM resistance in tomato (Bai et al, 2008). Recently, Pavan et al (2011) demonstrated that pea PM er1 resistance is associated with loss-of-function mutations at an MLO-homologous locus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the MLO gene family in Cucumis sativus

Zhou¹,

Jing²,

Shi³

2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Mildew resistance locus o (MLO)is a plant-specific seven-transmembrane (TM) gene family. Several studies have revealed that certain members of the MLO gene family mediate powdery mildew susceptibility in three plant species, namely, Arabidopsis, barley, and tomato. The sequenced cucumber genome provides an opportunity to conduct a comprehensive overview of the MLO gene family. Fourteen genes (designated CsMLO01 through CsMLO14) have been identified within the Cucumis sativus genome by using an in silico cloning method with the MLO amino acid sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice as probes. Sequence alignment revealed that numerous features of the gene family, such as TMs, a calmodulin-binding domain, peptide domains I and II, and 30 important amino acid residues for MLO function, are well conserved. Phylogenetic analysis of the MLO genes from cucumber and other plant species reveals seven different clades (I through VII). Three of these clades comprised MLO genes from A. thaliana, rice, maize, and cucumber, suggesting that these genes may have evolved after the divergence of monocots and dicots. In silico mapping showed that these CsMLOs were located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 without any obvious clustering, except CsMLO01. To our knowledge, this paper is the first comprehensive report on MLO genes in C. sativus. These findings will facilitate the functional characterization of the MLOs related to powdery mildew susceptibility and assist in the development of disease resistance in cucumber.

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“…The NPR1 gene was successfully used in several plant species like Arabidopsis (Cao et al 1998), rice (Chern et al 2001), tomato (Ekengren et al 2003), and wheat (Makandar et al 2006). Similarly, the mlo gene functions in barley (Peterhänsel and Lahaye 2005), tomato (Bai et al 2008), and Arabidopsis (Consonni et al 2006). These observations are critical for biotechnology approaches since they suggest that one gene from one species can provide an interesting trait in another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Candidate Genes for Improving Rice Disease Resistance

Delteil

Zhang²,

Lessard³

et al. 2010

Rice

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Diseases caused by fungal and bacterial pathogens like Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae are responsible for considerable yield loss. Up to now, in rice, the modification of the expression of more than 60 genes from diverse origins has shown beneficial effects with respect to disease resistance. In this paper, we review this large set of data to identify the best genes and strategies to achieve disease resistance by transgenic approaches. Altered expression of genes involved in signal transduction and transcription may lead to many unwanted side effects, like lesion mimic phenotypes. Moreover, modification of resistance to abiotic stress has been neglected and should be carefully examined in the future. Genes like resistance genes and pathogenesis-related genes can confer broad spectrum and high levels of resistance to several pathogens. Preformed expression of defense is often observed but does not necessarily lead to detrimental effects. Although examples of gene pyramiding are scarce, they suggest that this is a very promising strategy. More field evaluation of the transgenic plants is required to draw final conclusions on the usefulness of these genes for improving disease resistance.

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Naturally Occurring Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance in a Central American Tomato Accession Is Caused by Loss of Mlo Function

Cited by 269 publications

References 35 publications

Recent emergence of the wheat Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance: insights from haplotype analysis in wheat, rice, sorghum and Aegilops tauschii

Recent emergence of the wheat Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance: insights from haplotype analysis in wheat, rice, sorghum and Aegilops tauschii

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the MLO gene family in Cucumis sativus

Potential Candidate Genes for Improving Rice Disease Resistance

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