Naturally occurring bentonite clay: Structural augmentation, characterization and application as catalyst

Gandhi, Dolly; Bandyopadhyay, Rajib; Soni, B.K.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.346

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The XPS spectra shown in Figure (f–k) were used to further analyze the chemical composition of MgO-SBt. The full spectra scan of MgO-SBt is shown in Figure (f) and indicates the existence of five elements, Mg, O, Si, Al, and C. The peak binding energy at Mg 1s is 1303.6 eV, which is attributed to the formation of the MgO structure . The characteristic peaks of O 1s illustrate the presence of M–O (M = Mg) (529.8 eV) metal-oxide bonds, M–OH (531.2 eV) formed by hydroxyl bonding on the metal, and adsorbed H–O–H molecules (532.5 eV) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This occurs because when the amount of adsorbent is less, the adsorption sites can be more exposed, thus improving the adsorption capacity. However, an excessive amount of adsorbent will lead to the overlap and accumulation of adsorption sites, and reduce the contact between nitrogen and phosphorus, thus reducing the adsorption amount. − The adsorption equilibrium of PO 4 3– and NH 4 + -N by MgO-SBt was reached at 30 and 90 min, respectively. When the MgO-SBt dosage is 0.25 g/L, the maximum adsorption capacities of PO 4 3– and NH 4 + -N are 190 mg/g and 120 mg/g, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Recovery of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Sewage by Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Method with Magnesium-Loaded Bentonite

et al. 2022

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Excessive nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) result in serious eutrophication of water. In this study, magnesium modified acid bentonite was prepared by the impregnation method, and nitrogen and phosphorus were simultaneously removed by the magnesium ammonium phosphate method (MAP), which solved the problem of the poor adsorption capacity of bentonite. The morphology and structure of MgO-SBt were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, XPS, BET, etc. The results show that the acidified bentonite can increase the distance between bentonite layers, the layer spacing is expanded to 1.560 nm, and the specific surface area is expanded to 95.433 m 2 /g. After Mg modification, the characteristic peaks of MgO appear at 2θ of 42.95°, 62.31°, and 78.72°, indicating that MgO has been successfully loaded and that MgO bonded to the surface and interior pores of the acidified bentonite, boosting adsorption performance. When the dosage of MgO-SBt is 0.25 g/L, pH = 9, and N/P ratio is 5:1, the maximum adsorption capacity of MgO-SBt for N and P can reach 193.448 mg/g and 322.581 mg/g. In addition, the mechanism of the simultaneous adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by MgO-SBt was deeply characterized by the kinetic model, isothermal adsorption model, and thermodynamic model. The results showed that the simultaneous adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by MgO-SBt was chemisorption and a spontaneous exothermic process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Recovery of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Sewage by Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Method with Magnesium-Loaded Bentonite

et al. 2022

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“…The O–H stretching vibrations of Al–OH, Al, and adsorbed H 2 O molecules and O–H bending vibration of the adsorbed water molecule were observed at 3620 and 3695 cm –1 and 3392 and 1632 cm –1 . 70 , 72 The peak at 1427 cm –1 relates to the C–O stretching vibration of carbonate impurity. 73 The peaks at 1166 and 980 cm –1 are assigned to the Si–O stretching vibration of bentonite tetrahedral sheets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable and Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Supported on Natural Clays via Palm Waste Extract for Catalytic Oxidation of Crocein Orange G Mono Azoic Dye

Tesnim,

Hedi,

Simal-Gandara

2023

ACS Omega

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In this study, the removal of Crocein Orange G dye (COG) from aqueous solution was investigated using an innovative green catalyst to overcome problems with chemical techniques. Clay bentonite El Hamma (HB)-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was used as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for the oxidation of harmful COG. Palm waste extract was herein used as a reducing and capping agent to synthesize NZVI, and HB clay was employed, which was obtained from the El Hamma bentonite deposit in the Gabes province of Tunisia. HB and HB-NZVI were characterized by various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and zeta potential. Under optimal conditions, total degradation of COG was attained within 180 min. Kinetic studies showed that the dye degradation rate followed well the pseudo-second-order model. The apparent activation energy was 33.11 kJ/mol, which is typical of a physically controlled reaction. The degradation pathways and mineralization study revealed that the adsorption-Fenton-like reaction was the principal mechanism that demonstrated 100% degradation efficiency of COG even after three successive runs. Obtained results suggest that HB-NZVI is an affective heterogeneous catalyst for the degradation of COG by H 2 O 2 and may constitute a sustainable green catalyst for azoic dye removal from industrial wastewaters.

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“…Notably, BABC showcases the most promising composition for efficient MB adsorption, owing to its elevated SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, and Na 2 O content. This positions BABC as a preferential candidate for water treatment applications [17,37].…”

Section: Xrf Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…While existing literature predominantly focuses on the activation of BC using high concentrations of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) [16][17][18][19] and hydrochloric acid (HCl) [20,21], processes that have been shown to enhance the clay's surface area and porosity. The exploration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) activation through the reflux method for MB removal represents a relatively uncharted research avenue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Bentonite Clay Adsorbents for Methylene Blue Removal

Hamad,

Idrus,

Yusuf

et al. 2024

Processes

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This study addresses the urgent need for effective water treatment methods by synthesizing and characterizing activated bentonite clay (ABC) adsorbents to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions efficiently. Conventional adsorbents often exhibit limitations in efficiency and regeneration capabilities, necessitating novel approaches to water treatment. The primary objective is synthesizing and characterizing high-quality ABC adsorbents capable of effectively removing MB. The activation process was optimized, and adsorbent performance was evaluated regarding MB removal efficiency and regeneration potential. Various activation dos-ages were investigated, and comprehensive physicochemical characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized adsorbents demonstrated exceptional MB removal efficiency (99.593%) and impressive adsorption capacity (22.131 mg/g) when activated with 16 M sodium hydroxide. The adsorption process exhibited spontaneity and exothermicity, as validated by Freundlich and second-order kinetic models. Furthermore, the adsorbents showcased successful regeneration and reusability over three cycles, highlighting their potential for long-term application in water treatment. This study significantly advances water treatment by offering a novel approach to MB removal using base-activated bentonite clay (BABC) adsorbents, contributing to the development of sustainable water treatment solutions.

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Naturally occurring bentonite clay: Structural augmentation, characterization and application as catalyst

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Simultaneous Recovery of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Sewage by Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Method with Magnesium-Loaded Bentonite

Simultaneous Recovery of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Sewage by Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Method with Magnesium-Loaded Bentonite

Sustainable and Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Supported on Natural Clays via Palm Waste Extract for Catalytic Oxidation of Crocein Orange G Mono Azoic Dye

Optimized Bentonite Clay Adsorbents for Methylene Blue Removal

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