Naturally-occurring antisperm antibodies in men: interference with fertility and implications for treatment

Sperm forward motility is negatively affected by short-term exposure to altitude hypoxia

“…After liquefaction, 0.3–0.5 ml of each sample was evaluated for routine semen analysis (WHO, ) including pH, volume (ml), sperm concentration (10 6 ml −1 ), total sperm number (10 6 ejaculate −1 ), sperm forward motility and normal morphology (%). The mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) test (Francavilla et al ., ) and the peroxidase stain using ortho‐toluidine stain (Nahoum & Cardozo, ) excluded in all subjects the presence of antisperm antibodies and of leukocytospermia (>1 × 10 6 ml −1 ) (Farias et al ., ).…”

Altered ultrastructure of mitochondrial membranes is strongly associated with unexplained asthenozoospermia

“…Ejaculates of men affected by varicocele, hypogonadism, with a history of cryptorchidism, past or present use of drugs potentially causative of spermatogenesis, fever, or genital tract infection in the last 3 months, were excluded. Ejaculates with anti-sperm Abs detected by the mixed antiglobulin reaction test (20), with leukocyte number R1 Â 10 6 /mL detected by the peroxidase stain (21) and with sperm vitality %50% (22), were excluded from the study. Based on exclusion criteria, and on an archived quantitative ultrastructural analysis of the sperm tail principal piece (4), asthenozoospermic ejaculates (<50% forward motility [FM]) from 57 men were included in the study.…”

Physical exercise at high altitude is associated with a testicular dysfunction leading to reduced sperm concentration but healthy sperm quality

“…After liquefaction, 0.3-0.5 mL of each sample was evaluated for routine semen analysis (15). Sperm forward motility velocity was evaluated with computer-aided semen analysis (CASA), using ATS20 (JCD), while the mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) test (16), and the peroxidase stain using ortho-toluidine stain (17), excluded in all subjects the presence of antisperm antibodies and of leukocytospermia (>1 Â 10 6 /mL) (15).…”