Naturally Occurring Anticarcinogenic Substances in Foodstuffs

Fiala, Emerich S.; Reddy, Bandaru S.; Weisburger, John H.

doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.05.070185.001455

Cited by 105 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…They have been identified as dietary anticarcinogens (Fiala et al, 1985) and anti-oxidants (Chen et al, 2002). We reported in a previous work that a variety of phytochemicals exhibit profound immunoregulatory activities both in vitro and in vivo, particularly in DCs (Ahn et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2004a,b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Silibinin polarizes Th1/Th2 immune responses through the inhibition of immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells

Lee

Kim

et al. 2006

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Silibinin is the primary active compound in silymarin. It has been demonstrated to exert anti-carcinogenic effects and hepato-protective effects. However, the effects of silibinin on the maturation and immunostimulatory activities exhibited by dendritic cells (DCs) remain, for the most part, unknown. In this study, we have attempted to determine whether silibinin can influence surface molecule expression, dextran uptake, cytokine production, capacity to induce T-cell differentiation, and the signaling pathways underlying these phenomena in murine bone marrow-derived DCs. Silibinin was shown to significantly suppress the expression of CD80, CD86, MHC class I, and MHC class II in the DCs, and was also associated with impairments of LPS-induced IL-12 expression in the DCs. Silibinin-treated DCs proved highly efficient with regard to Ag capture via mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis. Silibinin also inhibited the LPS-induced activation of MAPKs and the nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit. Additionally, silibinin-treated DCs evidenced an impaired induction of Th1 response, and a normal cell-mediated immune response. These findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological functions of silibinin, especially with regard to their impact on the DCs. These findings expand our current understanding of the immunopharmacological functions of silibinin, and may prove useful in the development of therapeutic adjuvants for acute and chronic DC-associated diseases.

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confidence: 99%

Silibinin polarizes Th1/Th2 immune responses through the inhibition of immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells

Lee

Kim

et al. 2006

Journal Cellular Physiology

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“…But perhaps most surprising is the inference that normal human diets play causative roles in more than one-third (and possibly even two-thirds) of human neoplasia (1)(2)(3). Our food contains not only numerous mutagens and carcinogens but also a variety of chemicals that block carcinogenesis in animal models (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Furthermore, carcinogens can even protect against their own toxic and neoplastic effects or those of other carcinogens-i.e., carcinogens may act as anticarcinogens (12)(13)(14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of inducers of enzymes that protect against carcinogens.

Prochaska

Santamaria

Talalay

1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

340

205

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Dietary composition is a major determinant of cancer risk in humans and experimental animals. Major and minor components of the diet may enhance or suppress the development of malignancy. Many dietary constituents also modify the metabolism of carcinogens by induction of enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, and this is one wellestablished mechanism for modulating the risk of cancer. We have developed a simple system for rapid detection and measurement of the induction of enzymes that detoxify carcinogens (phase H enzymes), based on the direct assay of the activity of quinone reductase [NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.2] in murine hepatoma cells grown in microtiter plate wells. Survey of extracts of a variety of commonly consumed, organically grown vegetables for quinone reductase inducer activity identified crucifers (and particularly those of the genus Brassica) as singularly rich sources. It is therefore of interest that high consumption of these types of vegetables has been correlated with decreased cancer risk in humans. The assay system also measures toxicity, which was unrelated to inducer potency among the vegetable extracts examined. By use of mutant hepatoma cells (defective in regulation of certain cytochrome P-450 enzymes) selective (monofunctional) inducers of protective phase II enzymes can be distinguished from (bifunctional) inducers that also elevate cytochromes P-450 (phase I enzymes) and thereby pose the risk of carcinogen activation. The assay system therefore permits not only rapid detection of inducers of anticarcinogenic enzymes in the human diet but also elucidation of effects of storage and processing on inducer activities.

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“…Supporting this relationship is the recent discovery of naturally occurring chemicals in certain vegetables and fruits which inhibit the process of carcinogenesis in animals (Fiala et al, 1985). However exciting as this is, many of these newly identified dietary inhibitors of cancer have been only selectively active in interfering with induction of cancer or mutagenesis induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Newmark, 1984;Sparnins and Wattenberg, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diallyl sulfide down-regulates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 in mouse liver and lung

Hong

Park²,

Park³

1996

Exp Mol Med

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The expression of cytochrome P450 genes directly within target cells is an important determinant of human susceptibility to cancers and other chemically initiated diseases. One pivotal gene, C Y P 1 A 1 codes for an inducible cytochrome P450 isozyme 1A1 responsible for the bioactivation of numerous carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons. In the present study, the effects of 3-methylcholanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, on the activity and expression of CYP1A1 and the protective effects of diallyl sulfide on 3-methylcholanthrene-induced changes in mice liver and lung were investigated. After a four daily 3-methylcholanthrene-treatment (25 mg/kg, i.p.), liver and lung microsomal 7-ethoxyresorufin-Odeethylase (EROD) activity, associated with CYP1A1, was increased. A corresponding increase in the level of CYP1A1 mRNA was observed in mouse liver and lung after 3-methylcholanthrenetreatment by Northern blot analysis. Diallyl sulfide reduced 3-methylcholanthrene-induced CYP1A1 mRNA expression and its associated EROD activity in mouse liver and lung. The modulation of CYP1A1 mRNA by 3-methylcholanthrene and diallyl sulfide was mainly due to transcriptional regulation.

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Naturally Occurring Anticarcinogenic Substances in Foodstuffs

Cited by 105 publications

References 70 publications

Silibinin polarizes Th1/Th2 immune responses through the inhibition of immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells

Silibinin polarizes Th1/Th2 immune responses through the inhibition of immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells

Rapid detection of inducers of enzymes that protect against carcinogens.

Diallyl sulfide down-regulates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 in mouse liver and lung

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