Naturally Based Nano Formulation in Metabolic and Reproductive Disorders: A Review

Abstract

Metabolic and reproductive disorders are pervasive all over the world. There are common causes between them as obesity, the surplus of nutrients, and reduced energy expenditure. Depending on the amount and location of body fat, obesity has severe repercussions for the reproductive system. Obesity is linked to menstruation abnormalities, infertility, miscarriage, poor pregnancy outcomes, reduced fetal well-being, and diabetes mellitus. Their consequences have an impact on a huge portion of the reproductive population. Individuals and society bear a huge social, medical, and economic burden due to reproductive and metabolic disorders. Diabetes causes multiple ranges of reproductive health disorders, like delayed puberty and menarche, menstrual cycle abnormalities, subfertility, poor pregnancy outcomes, and perhaps early menopause. Reproductive disorders are conditions that disturb the reproductive system, such as infections of the reproductive tract, congenital anomalies, reproductive system malignancies, and sexual dysfunction. Obesity, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and hypertension are examples of metabolic disorders, which are diseases characterized by metabolic malfunction and abnormal energy homeostasis. Each disease has its specific physiological and clinical signs; they share some pathological aspects as over nutrition, which is commonly exacerbated by a modern, sedentary lifestyle, causes intracellular stress and inflammation due to metabolic disruption. Because of chemical therapies' adverse effects, natural products are becoming more popular as alternative options to chemical therapies. Nano sizing can improve the solubility, bioavailability, and effectiveness of any product. In this review, we discuss the relationship in some types of metabolic and reproductive disorders of both males and females by summarizing in vivo and in vitro studies and focusing on nano-natural products or their involvement in treatment. Suggesting further studies explaining the potential impact of some nano elements and molecular, metabolic parameters and their role in reproduction. Supplementing the female or male reproductive system would be highly advisable and valuable.

Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Feed Additive on Blood Indices, Physiological, Immunological Responses, and Histological Changes in Broiler Chicks

“…The diverse antibacterial property of nanomaterials is mostly and inversely correlated with particle size, meaning that the smaller the particle, the higher the specific surface area to volume ratio, which improve their availability and accessibility for interacting with bacteria [ 8 ].…”

“…Recently, Zn in nano form (ZONPs) have attracted a great attention as alternative feed supplements to both organic and inorganic Zn sources with regard to absorption, bioavailability, stability, inexpensive, and efficacy at the same or even low doses and seem also to be less toxic [ 8 , 9 ]. In addition, ZONPs have been demonstrated to exert more positive effects, producing better results, due to their novel properties, such as smaller size, increased surface area, a high number of surface active centers, stronger adsorbing quality, catalytic efficiency, increased bioavailability, absorbability, and exerting a superior efficacy [ 10 , 11 ].…”