Natural weathering, artificial photo‐oxidation, and thermal aging of low density polyethylene: Grafting of acrylic acid onto aged polyethylene films

El-Awady, M. M.

doi:10.1002/app.11990

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…11. A similar trend of increasing elongation at break during bacterial treatment was also reported by Lee et al 5,23 The stress versus strain graphs of the treated and untreated UVPE are plotted in Fig. It has been previously reported that the elongation at break directly depends on the carbonyl index of a polyethylene sample.…”

Section: Characterization Of Polyethylene Incubated With B Lichenformissupporting

confidence: 83%

Biotic oxidation of polyethylene using a bio-surfactant produced by B. licheniformis: a novel technique

2015

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Polyethylene was incubated with a bio-surfactant producing bacterium B. licheniformis for 2 months in a suitable media. Low concentrations of NaCl were added to study its effect on the bio-surfactants activity. Being amphiphilic, the surfactant has a unique ability to decrease the surface energy, and this decrease measured using the surface tension of the medium was 50%. The surfactant was able to oxidize both control (unoxidized) and pre-oxidized polyethylene during incubation. The oxidation level of the control polyethylene sample was increased in the presence of NaCl, and the oxidation level was higher in the presence of 1% NaCl as compared to that found with 0.5% NaCl. A higher amount of surfactant was also produced, as observed by the comparatively low surface tension in the presence of NaCl. During the bio-oxidation of polyethylene, higher amounts of unsaturated hydrocarbons were formed as compared to carbonyl groups. This oxidation was also observed through the reduced crystalline property and cracked polyethylene surface using SEM. It was also observed that the product formed during the oxidation by the bio-surfactant could be solubilised into liquid media. For this rapid loss of oxidation product, a decrease in the mechanical properties of all the treated polyethylene samples was observed, and this deterioration was highest in the case of the pre-oxidised polyethylene incubated with the bio-surfactant for 2 months. In this study, a novel unique method for the biooxidation of polyethylene using a bio-surfactant was established.

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Section: Characterization Of Polyethylene Incubated With B Lichenformissupporting

confidence: 83%

Biotic oxidation of polyethylene using a bio-surfactant produced by B. licheniformis: a novel technique

2015

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“…Because the alkyl radicals are not detectable per se with the FTIR and NMR techniques utilized in this work, special experiments using Electron Spin Resonance should be necessary, as shown previously 31. However, the absorption bands at 3600 cm −1 and around 3500 cm −1 observed by FTIR suggest the presence of hydroperoxides because these absorptions are generally attributed to the OH stretching of such groups 3, 19, 32…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…31 However, the absorption bands at 3600 cm À1 and around 3500 cm À1 observed by FTIR suggest the presence of hydroperoxides because these absorptions are generally attributed to the OH stretching of such groups. 3,19,32 As shown previously in the literature the processes involving oxidized species are numerous and complex. Nevertheless, in a simplified model, it can be considered that their photochemical decomposition into free radicals plays an important role [ Fig.…”

Section: Macromolecular Processes Induced By Climatic Ageingmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Samples were picked up periodically, during all the ageing period, from film zones sufficiently far away from the contact points with the holding frame. This precaution was taken to avoid uncontrolled overheating of the material: although the maximum temperature attained in the material reaches about 48°C under solar exposure where the film is free, temperatures as high as 70°C may be attained in the portions of the film that are in contact with metallic or wooden structures, as reported in the literature 9, 10, 18, 19…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of climatic ageing on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of low‐density polyethylene films

Chabira

Sebaa

G’Sell

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Blown extruded films of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) have been subjected to climatic ageing in a subSaharan facility at Laghouat (Algeria) with direct exposure to sun. Samples were characterized by complementary techniques after prescribed amounts of time up to 8 months. It was shown by tensile testing that the mechanical properties are quite sensitive to ageing: (i) the elastic modulus increases and saturates, (ii) the tensile stress increases slightly, and (iii) the rupture energy decreases dramatically after 4 months weathering. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR) were performed to identify the evolution of the polymer microstructure. The FTIR spectra reveal the initial presence of vinylidene groups that exhaust rapidly after 4 months ageing. Also, it detects the progressive multiplication of vinyl groups and oxidation products of many kinds. The NMR technique revealed specifically the carbon-carbon configurations in the polymer chains. By contrast to the original film that contained almost exclusively butyl chain branches, the aged specimens presented shorter ramifications, namely ethyl branches. Also, the presence of quaternary atoms was detected after long ageing times. The discussion of these complementary results in the light of current literature makes possible to identify the leading mechanisms that control the decay of LDPE film properties. Although these mechanisms are numerous and complex, they can be schematically summarized within three main classes: oxidation, scission, and crosslinking. Each class is discussed in details.

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“…424,425 Material gradually becomes anisotropic. 426 Matz 405 developed a method based on HPLC which permits monitoring of the UV stabilizer in greenhouse film during its processing and exposure. 426 Matz 405 developed a method based on HPLC which permits monitoring of the UV stabilizer in greenhouse film during its processing and exposure.…”

Section: Greenhouse Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weathering of Compounded Products

Wypych¹

2013

Handbook of Material Weathering

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Natural weathering, artificial photo‐oxidation, and thermal aging of low density polyethylene: Grafting of acrylic acid onto aged polyethylene films

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Biotic oxidation of polyethylene using a bio-surfactant produced by B. licheniformis: a novel technique

Biotic oxidation of polyethylene using a bio-surfactant produced by B. licheniformis: a novel technique

Influence of climatic ageing on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of low‐density polyethylene films

Weathering of Compounded Products

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