Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems

Crites, Ronald W.; Middlebrooks, E. Joe; Reed, Sherwood C.

doi:10.1201/9781420026443

Cited by 64 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…Geary & Moore, 1999;Knight et al, 2000;Spieles & Mitsch, 2000;Borin et al, 2001). The wetland hydrological conditions and dimensions are crucially important from both engineering and ecological perspectives and, thus surface flow design requirements are normally based either on hydraulic retention time (Crites et al, 2005) or total wetland area (Economopoulou & Tshrintzis, 2004;Kadlec & Wallace, 2008).…”

Section: Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands and The Icw Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the potential of surface flow constructed wetlands to enhance macroinvertebrate diversity in agricultural landscapes with particular reference to Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICWs)

Becerra-Jurado

Harrington²,

Kelly‐Quinn

2011

Hydrobiologia

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Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICWs) constitute an alternative way of cleansing water in agricultural areas to conventional water treatment plants. These pond systems integrate their water treatment capabilities with other functions such as biodiversity enhancement, carbon sequestration and landscape fit, by virtue of mimicking natural wetlands. ICWs have shown to have potential to enhance macroinvertebrate diversity in agricultural areas due to their unique design flexibility. We suggest that ICWs characterised by adequate shore sloping and presence of complex habitat mosaics, as well as other design considerations, would maximise the potential of these systems to enhance macroinvertebrate diversity. In addition, it would be highly beneficial to increase the total ICW area and to increase the total number of ponds in a system accordingly from a minimum of four to at least five. This article also highlights the need not only to develop policies that focus on the creation of ICWs but also to foster a number of management practices that rely on the active involvement of farmers. The inclusion of additional ponds in selected ICW systems could be the means to inform local communities as to the importance, attractiveness and conservation value of ponds.

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Section: Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands and The Icw Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the potential of surface flow constructed wetlands to enhance macroinvertebrate diversity in agricultural landscapes with particular reference to Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICWs)

Becerra-Jurado

Harrington²,

Kelly‐Quinn

2011

Hydrobiologia

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“…For example, Craft and Richardson (1993) and Reddy et al (1993) have identified accretion as a principal long-term storage for phosphorus. However, Crites et al (2006) have ignored accretion as a process for phosphorus storage. A long-term study by Kadlec (2009b) clearly demonstrates that some authors have overlooked the process of soil accretion for phosphorus storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nutrient Accumulation in Typha latifolia L. and Sediment of a Representative Integrated Constructed Wetland

Mustafa

Scholz

2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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This paper investigates the role of plants and sediment in removing nutrients from wastewater being treated in a representative integrated constructed wetland (ICW). It discusses the role of plants and sediment in removing nutrients from an ICW treating agricultural wastewater for more than 7 years. More nitrogen and phosphorus were stored in wetland soils and sediments than in plants. The first cell had the highest depth of sediment accumulation (45 cm). Over the 7-year operation period, the accretion rate was approximately 6.4 cm/year. With respect to maintenance, desludging of the first wetland cell of the ICW system appears to be necessary in 2011. An average of 10,000 m 3 per year of wastewater entered the ICW. Approximately 74% (780 kg) of the phosphorus and 52% (5,175 kg) of the nitrogen that entered the wetland system was stored in the wetland soils and sediments. Plants stored a small fraction of nutrients compared to soils (<1% for both nitrogen and phosphorus). This study demonstrates that soils within a mature wetland system are an important and sustainable nutrient storage component.

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“…Gaseous N losses are generally desired in the land application of wastewaters when excessive N applications can lead to NO 3 − leaching that can degrade ground and surface waters. It has been reported that 50 to 80% of N can be lost as denitrification and ammonia volatilization when high strength wastewaters with BOD (mg L −1 ):N (mg L −1 ) ratios greater than 5 or more are land applied (CLFP, 2007;Crites et al, 2000Crites et al, , 2006. Ammonia volatilization is a chemical process that can occur in soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of tomato cannery water forage irrigation on nitrogen and carbon in a clay loam soil

Johns¹,

Beggs²,

Crites³

2011

Geoderma

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Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

A review of the potential of surface flow constructed wetlands to enhance macroinvertebrate diversity in agricultural landscapes with particular reference to Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICWs)

A review of the potential of surface flow constructed wetlands to enhance macroinvertebrate diversity in agricultural landscapes with particular reference to Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICWs)

Nutrient Accumulation in Typha latifolia L. and Sediment of a Representative Integrated Constructed Wetland

Effects of tomato cannery water forage irrigation on nitrogen and carbon in a clay loam soil

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