Natural Ventilation as a Factor Controlling the Dispersal of Airborne Toxins in Subway Systems in a Disaster Situation

Pflitsch, Andreas; Brune, M.; Killing-Heinze, M.; Ringeis, Julia; Agnew, Brian; Steiling, Benjamin

doi:10.1080/19439962.2012.721872

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Furthermore, replacing vertical shafts with tilted shafts can eliminate boundary layer separations to optimize smoke exhausts [266]. Pressure differences induced by stack effects are much larger than those caused by other driving forces like gas combustions or winds [250,267,268]. Hence, the pressure settings of ventilation systems need flexible adjustments between different areas.…”

Section: Complex Airflowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

Wen

Leng

Shen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Environmental health in subway stations, a typical type of urban underground space, is becoming increasingly important. Ventilation is the principal measure for optimizing the complex physical environment in a subway station. This paper narratively reviews the environmental and health effects of subway ventilation and discusses the relevant engineering, environmental, and medical aspects in combination. Ventilation exerts a notable dual effect on environmental health in a subway station. On the one hand, ventilation controls temperature, humidity, and indoor air quality to ensure human comfort and health. On the other hand, ventilation also carries the potential risks of spreading air pollutants or fire smoke through the complex wind environment as well as produces continuous noise. Assessment and management of health risks associated with subway ventilation is essential to attain a healthy subway environment. This, however, requires exposure, threshold data, and thereby necessitates more research into long-term effects, and toxicity as well as epidemiological studies. Additionally, more research is needed to further examine the design and maintenance of ventilation systems. An understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and aerodynamic characteristics of various pollutants can help formulate ventilation strategies to reduce pollutant concentrations. Moreover, current comprehensive underground space development affords a possibility for creating flexible spaces that optimize ventilation efficiency, acoustic comfort, and space perception.

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Section: Complex Airflowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

Wen

Leng

Shen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…This air exchange is strongly influenced by chimney effects within the underground buildings (for instance in escalator wells). A recent study (Pflitsch et al, 2013) has shown that, in the event of a disaster, airborne toxins in subway systems are dispersed mainly by air movements caused by natural ventilation and chimney effects that are produced by the pressure differential between station levels and street levels. Warm air within a station naturally flows upwards towards the over ground entrances by way of stairs and escalators.…”

Section: Subway Climatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Air flow, Smoke Dispersion and Evacuation of the Monument Metro Station based on Subway Climatology

Qian¹,

Agnew²,

Thompson³

2014

eCAADe Proceedings

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This research is creating a working laboratory in Newcastle Monument metro station to understand the details of how the over ground climate influences the internal airflow and the impact this has on evacuation strategies. It is intended to link weather data with the background air flow in the station and identify the main driving forces for the dispersion of smoke or toxic agents throughout the station. The subway air flow will be evaluated and then interfaced with a VR simulation of the station and adjoining tunnels to produce a visual diagnostic and predictive tool. This data, with existing pedestrian movement modelling, will assist in identifying the correct evacuation procedures to minimise the exposure time of individuals to a smoke filled environment. The final outcome of this work will be a decision making process with regard to the initiation of effective measures to minimize the impact of fire within a subway that can be used at the initial design period to evaluate proposed evacuation routes.

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Application of computational fluid dynamics in subway environment without fire and smoke—Literature review

Peng

Gao

Ding

et al. 2021

Building and Environment

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Natural Ventilation as a Factor Controlling the Dispersal of Airborne Toxins in Subway Systems in a Disaster Situation

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

Simulation of Air flow, Smoke Dispersion and Evacuation of the Monument Metro Station based on Subway Climatology

Application of computational fluid dynamics in subway environment without fire and smoke—Literature review

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