Natural Variations of Stable Chlorine and Bromine Isotopes on Earth

Eggenkamp, Hans

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28506-6_10

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Zakon et al coupled gas chromatography to MC ICP-MS for simultaneous measurement of S, Cl and Br isotope ratios in different (reference) materials [132]. Further details about Cl and Br isotope fractionation can be found in [133,134].…”

Section: Fig 4 Distribution Of Publications Between 2010 and 2015 Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of non-traditional stable isotopes in analytical ecogeochemistry assessed by MC ICP-MS - A critical review

Irrgeher

Prohaska

2015

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Analytical ecogeochemistry is an evolving scientific field dedicated to the development of analytical methods and tools and their application to ecological questions. Traditional stable isotopic systems have been widely explored and have undergone continuous development during the last century.The variations of the isotopic composition of light elements (H, O, N, C and S) have provided the foundation of stable isotope analysis followed by the analysis of traditional geochemical isotope tracers (e.g. Pb, Sr, Nd, Hf). Questions in a considerable diversity of scientific fields have been addressed, many of which can be assigned to the field of ecogeochemistry. Over the past fifteen years, other stable isotopes (e.g. Li, Zn, Cu, Cl) have emerged gradually as novel tools for the investigation of scientific topics that arise in ecosystem research and have enabled novel discoveries and explorations. These systems are often referred to as non-traditional isotopes.The small isotopic differences of interest that are increasingly being addressed for a growing number of isotopic systems represent a challenge to the analytical scientist and push the limits of today's instruments constantly. This underlines the importance of a metrologically sound concept of analytical protocols and procedures and a solid foundation of data processing strategies and uncertainty considerations before these small isotopic variations can be interpreted in the context of applied ecosystem research. This review focuses on the development of isotope research in ecogeochemistry, the requirements for successful detection of small isotopic shifts as well as highlights the most recent and innovative applications in the field. Keywordsanalytical ecogeochemistry, non-traditional stable isotopes, isotope tracers, MC ICP-MS, chemical metrology 2

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Section: Fig 4 Distribution Of Publications Between 2010 and 2015 Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of non-traditional stable isotopes in analytical ecogeochemistry assessed by MC ICP-MS - A critical review

Irrgeher

Prohaska

2015

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…Another line of evidence supporting perchlorate in Gale crater is the presence of highly unusual chlorine isotope compositions. While the vast bulk of chlorine reservoirs on Earth vary within ±3‰ δ 37 Cl (Eggenkamp, 2014), chlorine isotope ratios in Gale crater measured on HCl are strongly depleted in 37 Cl and highly variable: −50 to −15‰ δ 37 Cl (Farley et al, 2016). Either direct measurement of oxychlorine phases or cycling of chlorine through oxychlorine phases was the preferred interpretation of Farley et al (2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluation of Perchlorate in Gale Crater Rocks Suggests Geologically Recent Perchlorate Addition

et al. 2020

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Perchlorate (ClO4−) was discovered in Martian soil by the Phoenix lander, with important implications for potential Martian biology, photochemistry, aqueous chemistry, and the chlorine cycle on Mars. Perchlorate was subsequently reported in both loose sediment and bedrock samples analyzed by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument onboard the Curiosity rover in Gale crater based on a release of O2 at 200–500°C. However, the continually wet paleoenvironment recorded by the sedimentary rocks in Gale crater was not conducive to the deposition of highly soluble salts. Furthermore, the preservation of ancient perchlorate to the modern day is unexpected due to its low thermodynamic stability and radiolytic decomposition associated with its long exposure to radioactivity and cosmic radiation. We therefore investigate alternative sources of O2 in Sample Analysis at Mars analyses including superoxides, sulfates, nitrate, and nanophase iron and manganese oxides. Geochemical evidence and oxygen release patterns observed by Curiosity are inconsistent with each of these alternatives. We conclude that perchlorate is indeed the most likely source of the detected O2 release at 200–500°C, but contend that it is unlikely to be ancient. Rather than being associated with the lacustrine or early diagenetic environment, the most likely origin of perchlorate in the bedrock is late stage addition by downward percolation of water through rock pore space during transient wetting events in the Amazonian. The conclusion that the observed perchlorate in Gale crater is most likely Amazonian suggests the presence of recent liquid water at the modern surface.

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“…Cl 2 used for the production of HCH is generally produced by the oxidation of Cl – during electrolysis of NaCl by the mercury-, diaphragm-, or membrane-cell method from concentrated seawater chlorides (brines) or dissolved rock salt with chlorine isotope ratios within the narrow range between −0.5‰ and 0.0‰, equal or close to the standard mean ocean chloride (SMOC) reference value. − Possible variations in chlorine isotope ratios in HCHs, which can be detected by available methods (with analytical uncertainty of less than ±0.1‰, 1σ), , can arise from chlorine isotope fractionation during different technological processes of Cl 2 gas production, as well as during the HCH synthesis and purification processes. These isotope effects can be especially pronounced for redox reactions, leading to high enrichment in 37 Cl of the most oxidized species .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon, Hydrogen and Chlorine Stable Isotope Fingerprinting for Forensic Investigations of Hexachlorocyclohexanes

Ivdra

Fischer²,

Martín

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Multielemental stable isotope analysis of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has the potential to characterize sources, sinks, and degradation processes in the environment. To verify the applicability of this approach for source identification of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs), we provide a data set of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine stable isotope ratios (δC, δH, δCl) of its main stereoisomers (α-, β-, δ- and γ-HCHs) from a sample collection based on worldwide manufacturing. This sample collection comprises production stocks, agricultural and pharmaceutical products, chemical waste dumps, and analytical-grade material, covering the production time period from the late 1960s until now. Stable isotope ratios of HCHs cover the ranges from -233‰ to +1‰, from -35.9‰ to -22.7‰, and from -6.69‰ to +0.54‰ for δH, δC, and δCl values, respectively. Four groups of samples with distinct multielemental stable isotope fingerprints were differentiated, most probably as a result of purification and isolation processes. No clear temporal trend in the isotope compositions of HCHs was found at the global scale. The multielemental stable isotope fingerprints facilitate the source identification of HCHs at the regional scale and can be used to assess transformation processes. The data set and methodology reported herein provide basic information for the assessment of environmental field sites contaminated with HCHs.

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Natural Variations of Stable Chlorine and Bromine Isotopes on Earth

Cited by 6 publications

References 104 publications

Application of non-traditional stable isotopes in analytical ecogeochemistry assessed by MC ICP-MS - A critical review

Application of non-traditional stable isotopes in analytical ecogeochemistry assessed by MC ICP-MS - A critical review

Reevaluation of Perchlorate in Gale Crater Rocks Suggests Geologically Recent Perchlorate Addition

Carbon, Hydrogen and Chlorine Stable Isotope Fingerprinting for Forensic Investigations of Hexachlorocyclohexanes

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