Natural variability in N export from headwater catchments: snow cover controls on ecosystem N retention

Brooks, P. D.; Campbell, Donald H.; Tonnessen, Kathy A.; Heuer, Kristi

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2191::aid-hyp849>3.3.co;2-c

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…So far, no study has investigated gross N turnover in permanently frozen soil. However, based on the investigation of more indirect parameters of N turnover such as soil mineral N concentrations, several studies showed that significant biogeochemical C and N turnover can occur in frozen soils and during freeze/thaw periods (Vogt et al 1986, Clein and Schimel 1995, Brooks et al 1999. Soil microbial N turnover may occur in winter under snowpack in the soil, as indicated e.g., by measurements of significant net N turnover rates in continental steppe of China (Zhou et al 2009, Zhao et al 2010, boreal forests (Kielland et al 2006), arctic tundra , and temperate hardwood forests (Groffman et al 2001b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonality of soil microbial nitrogen turnover in continental steppe soils of Inner Mongolia

Dannenmann

Wolf

et al. 2012

Ecosphere

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). Four different seasons with characteristic functional patterns of N turnover were identified: (1) Growing season dynamics as characterized by drying/rewetting cycles and negatively correlated temporal courses of net microbial growth and periods with intensive gross ammonification, contributing 40-52% and 29-32% to cumulative annual gross ammonification and nitrification, respectively. Net N mineralization was almost exclusively observed during the growing season. (2) Microbial N dynamics during the autumn freeze-thaw period was characterized by a sharp decline in microbial biomass in conjunction with a peak of gross nitrification contributing 19-36% to cumulative annual fluxes. (3) During winter at constantly frozen soil, a net build-up of microbial biomass was observed, whereas gross N turnover rates were low, contributing 7-10% and 6-11% to cumulative annual gross ammonification or gross nitrification, respectively. (4) The spring freeze-thaw period showed extremely dynamic changes in gross N turnover and soil nitrate concentrations. This period contributed 34-44% and 21-46% to cumulative annual gross ammonification and nitrification, respectively. This study highlights that freeze-thaw cycles are key periods for understanding patterns and magnitudes of gross N turnover in semi-arid continental steppe ecosystems. The results further imply that the observed patterns of microbial biomass and gross N turnover dynamics are likely the consequence of a seasonal succession of microbial communities and turnover of microbial biomass. Our findings emphasize the necessity for high resolution studies on gross N turnover as a prerequisite to infer functioning and annual budgets of ecosystem N cycling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting increase of easily degradable N and C substrates in soil during spring snowmelt has been shown to prime fine root turnover, increase net N mineralization (Groffman et al 2001a, Schmidt et al 2007, Matzner and Borken 2008, nutrient leaching (Brooks et al 1999), and N 2 O emissions from soil (Wolf et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of soil microbial nitrogen turnover in continental steppe soils of Inner Mongolia

Dannenmann

Wolf

et al. 2012

Ecosphere

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“…In addition to plot-scale work showing that soil freezing can affect nutrient losses, there is evidence that freezing events influence temporal patterns of stream chemistry at the watershed-ecosystem scale. In watersheds on the Colorado Front Range, stream NO3losses were inversely related to the depth of snow cover, likely as the result of more severe soil freezing during years with low snowpack accumulation (12,13). In four watersheds that spanned the northeastern U.S., including the HBEF, synchronous increases in stream NO3during the snowmelt of 1990 were attributed to a regional-scale soil freezing event (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Soil Freezing Events in Interannual Patterns of Stream Chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire

Fitzhugh

Likens

Driscoll

et al. 2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Soil freezing is a disturbance of the below ground environment, potentially resulting in increased losses of NO3- and surface water acidification. Here, we report the effects of soil freezing on interannual variation in stream chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Data from 1970 to 1997 of soil frost depth, snow cover, precipitation, air temperature, and stream discharge and chemistry were used in a stepwise linear regression model to select the variables that best predicted deviations of annual stream concentrations from 4-year running averages. Variables quantifying soil freezing severity were selected as significant predictors of short-term fluctuations in stream K+, NO3-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations from 1970 to 1989, explaining 59 and 47% of the short-term variability in K+ and NO3-, respectively. Fine-root mortality and disturbance of root-soil-microbe interactions, with subsequent effects on decomposition and nutrient uptake, likely contributed to the mobilization of K+ and NO3- to streamwater following severe soil freezing events. The relationship between soil freezing and stream chemistry, however, weakened during the period 1990-1997. Because soil freezing has had inconsistent effects on stream chemistry during the period 1970-1997, it is unclear whether future changes in the frequency, duration, and depth of soil freezing events as the result of changes in the snow cover regime under a warmer climate will have significant impacts on the losses of NO3- and nutrient-base cations from temperate northern ecosystems.

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“…The Alps was the only region that showed increasing concentrations. Rogora et al 2012), progressive N saturation (Curtis et al 2011) and changes in snow cover 220 (Brooks et al 1999;De Wit et al 2008) and temperature (Brookshire et al 2011 however, small (Fig. 3).…”

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confidence: 96%

Trends in Surface Water Chemistry in Acidified Areas in Europe and North America from 1990 to 2008

Garmo

Skjelkvåle

Wit

et al. 2014

Water Air Soil Pollut

175

136

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Natural variability in N export from headwater catchments: snow cover controls on ecosystem N retention

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonality of soil microbial nitrogen turnover in continental steppe soils of Inner Mongolia

Seasonality of soil microbial nitrogen turnover in continental steppe soils of Inner Mongolia

Role of Soil Freezing Events in Interannual Patterns of Stream Chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire

Trends in Surface Water Chemistry in Acidified Areas in Europe and North America from 1990 to 2008

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