Natural Stibnite for Lithium-/Sodium-Ion Batteries: Carbon Dots Evoked High Initial Coulombic Efficiency

Abstract

Highlights The chemical process of local oxidation–partial reduction–deep coupling for stibnite reduction of carbon dots (CDs) is revealed by in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction. Sb2S3@xCDs anode delivers high initial coulombic efficiency in lithium ion batteries (85.2%) and sodium ion batteries (82.9%), respectively. C–S bond influenced by oxygen-rich carbon matrix can restrain the conversion of sulfur to sulfite, well confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of solid electrolyte interphase layers helped with density functional theory calculations. CDs-induced Sb–O–C bond is proved to effectively regulate the interfacial electronic structure. Abstract The application of Sb2S3 with marvelous theoretical capacity for alkali metal-ion batteries is seriously limited by its poor electrical conductivity and low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE). In this work, natural stibnite modified by carbon dots (Sb2S3@xCDs) is elaborately designed with high ICE. Greatly, chemical processes of local oxidation–partial reduction–deep coupling for stibnite reduction of CDs are clearly demonstrated, confirmed with in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction. More impressively, the ICE for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is enhanced to 85%, through the effect of oxygen-rich carbon matrix on C–S bonds which inhibit the conversion of sulfur to sulfite, well supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of solid electrolyte interphase layers helped with density functional theory calculations. Not than less, it is found that Sb–O–C bonds existed in the interface effectively promote the electronic conductivity and expedite ion transmission by reducing the bandgap and restraining the slip of the dislocation. As a result, the optimal sample delivers a tremendous reversible capacity of 660 mAh g−1 in LIBs at a high current rate of 5 A g−1. This work provides a new methodology for enhancing the electrochemical energy storage performance of metal sulfides, especially for improving the ICE.

Tannic acid assisted metal–chelate interphase toward highly stable Zn metal anodes in rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries

“…For the bare Zn electrode, the rough electrode surface usually generates uneven Zn 2+ flux at the electrode/electrolyte interface, triggers the accumulation of the Zn nucleus, and acts as a charge-rich center for the further amplified growth of Zn dendrites ( Zhou J et al, 2021 ). In addition, the enlarge exposed surface area would accelerate the HER rate and by-product formation, leading to a low CE and even battery failure ( Liu et al, 2022b ; Xiang et al, 2022 ). By contrast, with the metal–chelate interphase, Zn 2+ ions are easily anchored on the cross-linked network of TA molecule, restricting the uncontrollable lateral diffusion of Zn 2+ and thus producing homogenous nucleation sites for the even Zn deposition.…”

Directional Regulation of Surface Chemistry of Graphene Using Carbon Dots for Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes

“…30 Thus, with the increase of CDs, CDs agglomerate together gradually to form large clusters. 31 Figure 2a displays the XRD patterns of the samples. Obviously, two peaks at 24.6 and 43.6°present in the samples are attributed to the (002) and (100) diffraction peaks of carbon, respectively, which are indicative of amorphous carbon.…”

“…In general, nanosized CDs are unstable in solution, which are prone to agglomerate owing to the high content of OFGs and surface energy . Thus, with the increase of CDs, CDs agglomerate together gradually to form large clusters …”

Pea‐like MoS2@NiS1.03–carbon heterostructured hollow nanofibers for high‐performance sodium storage

“…Besides metal sulfide composition, low-cost carbonaceous materials have also been comprehensively used to embellish anode materials due to their good electric conductivity, which can improve energy storage properties. 27,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] Although previous efforts have made considerable achievements in adjusting the electrochemical performance, it is still a serious challenge to harmonize the composition and microstructures at the same time in a designable and controllable manner. Herein, we designed pea-like MoS 2 @NiS 1.03carbon (MoS 2 @NiS 1.03 -C) heterostructure hollow nanofibers using a simple electrospinning and thermal treatment method.…”

“…For instance, heterostructure Sb 2 S 3 /MoS 2 , 15 MnS‐MoS 2 , 25 Bi 2 S 3 /MoS 2 , 44 Ni 3 S 2 @MoS 2 , 50 and SnS‐MoS 2 51 have been reported that can deliver high electrochemical performance. Besides metal sulfide composition, low‐cost carbonaceous materials have also been comprehensively used to embellish anode materials due to their good electric conductivity, which can improve energy storage properties 27,52–68 . Although previous efforts have made considerable achievements in adjusting the electrochemical performance, it is still a serious challenge to harmonize the composition and microstructures at the same time in a designable and controllable manner.…”