Natural Sources of Minerals

McDowell, L. R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-51367-0.50020-9

Cited by 95 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In general, all grasses had Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations ( Table 4) that were significantly different among seasons. It seems that all grasses, in all seasons, had insufficient Cu to meet the requirements of growing beef cattle (10 mg/kg DM; McDowell, 2003). Low Cu concentrations were also found in native grasses growing in semiarid regions of south Texas, USA (Barnes et al, 1990) and northeastern Mexico (Ramírez et al, 2004).…”

Section: Mineral Contentmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…With the exception of B. curtipendula, B. trifida and T. muticus (in winter), all grasses had sufficient K to meet the requirements of growing beef cattle (6.0 g/kg DM; McDowell, 2003). Native grasses with adequate levels of K for growing beef cattle needs were also reported in several species growing in south (González and Everitt, 1982;Pinchak et al, 1989) and north Texas, USA (Ganskoop and Bohnert, 2001), northeastern Mexico (Ramírez et al, 2004) and Florida, USA (Kalmbacher, 1983).…”

Section: Mineral Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growing beef cattle require about 4.5 g of Ca/kg DM in their diets (McDowell, 2003). It seems that most of the grasses during dry seasons (winter and spring) had insufficient Ca to meet these requirements.…”

Section: Mineral Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It appears that all grasses can be considered as Na non-accumulators because they contain less that 0.2 g Na/kg DM (Youssef, 1988). High K content in evaluated grasses (Table 3) could Significant level *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** Requirement 2 6.0 g of K/kg of grasses DM 0.8 g of Na/kg of grasses DM M = mean; SEM = standard error of the mean; Sig = significant level 1 w = winter; sp = spring; su = summer; au = autumn; SEM = standard error of the mean; Sig = significance *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; NS = not significant 2 required by growing beef cattle (McDowell, 2003) Significant level *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** Requirement 2 20 mg of Mn/kg of grasses DM 30 mg of Zn/kg of grasses DM M = mean; SEM = standard error of the mean; Sig = significant level 1 w = winter; sp = spring; su = summer; au = autumn; SEM = standard error of the mean; Sig = significance *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; NS = not significant 2 required by growing beef cattle (McDowell, 2003) Significant level * *** *** ** *** *** *** *** M = mean; SEM = standard error of the mean; Sig = significant level 1 w = winter; sp = spring; su = summer; au = autumn; SEM = standard error of the mean; Sig = significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01); ***P < 0.001 a = intercept representing the portion of DM solubilized at the beginning of incubation (time 0); b = portion of DM that is slowly degraded in the rumen; c = rate constant of disappearance of fraction b EDDM = effective degradability of DM assuming an outflow rate of 0.05/h reduce the Na absorption of sheep feeding on these grasses because it has been reported that elevated dietary K may decrease the ruminal concentration and absorption of Na in ruminants (Spears, 1994). However, sodium deficiencies can be alleviated by supplementing common salt.…”

Section: Mineral Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minerals are required to meet the animal needs for optimum development and health and influence animal productivity as they are essential nutrients and affect animal performance (McDowell, 2003). Range grasses may be important sources of inorganic nutrients for ruminants; however, in some circumstances, they are deficient in one or more essential minerals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical composition and dry matter digestion of some native and cultivated grasses in Mexico

Ramírez¹,

González‐Rodríguez²,

Morales-Rodríguez³

et al. 2009

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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The objective of the study was to quantify differences in nutritive value, over four seasons, of native grasses such as Bouteloua curtipendula, Bouteloua trifida, Brachiaria fasciculata, Chloris ciliata, Digitaria insularis, Leptochloa filiformis, Panicum hallii, Panicum obtusum, Paspalum unispicatum, Setaria grisebachii, Setaria macrostachya, Tridens eragrostoides, Tridens muticus and naturalized chrus ciliaris and Rhynchelytrum repens that are used as forages for grazing beef cattle. Cenchrus ciliaris was included as a reference grass of good nutritional quality. Plants were collected in autumn 2001 and in winter, spring and summer 2002. The nutritive value was assessed in terms of nutrient content, effective rumen degradable dry matter (EDDM), metabolizable energy (ME) and metabolizable protein (MP). Most grasses had crude protein (CP) content comparable to the reference C. ciliaris grass (grand mean = 120 g/kg) and some of them had a higher content (140 g/kg). Cell wall (NDF) and lignin contents were lower in C. ciliaris (650 g/kg, 30, respectively) than in the other grasses (mean = 700 g/kg, 60, respectively). All grasses had less EDDM (mean = 420 g/kg) than C. ciliaris (470 g/kg). All grasses had the ME content (mean = 5.6 MJ/kg DM) that was lower for maintenance requirements of growing beef cattle. Conversely, mean MP values (67 g/kg DM) were sufficient. Lower content of P (annual mean = 120 g/kg DM), Na (0.3) and Cu (40 mg/kg DM) was detected in all grasses to meet the requirements of growing cattle. All grasses, in all seasons, had sufficient CP and MP content to meet the maintenance requirements of growing beef cattle. Higher levels of EDDM occurred in summer and autumn. Because of their good nutritional quality, grasses such as B. fasciculata, C. ciliata, P. hallii, P. obtusum, S. grisebachii, S. macrostachy and T. eragrostoides can be considered as good forages for ruminants.

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Section: Mineral Contentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Mineral Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mineral Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mineral Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical composition and dry matter digestion of some native and cultivated grasses in Mexico

Ramírez¹,

González‐Rodríguez²,

Morales-Rodríguez³

et al. 2009

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Drivers of geophagy by red brocket deer (Mazama americana) at Amazonian interior forest mineral licks

Griffiths,

Jin

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Mineral licks are key ecological components of the Amazon rainforest, providing critical dietary functions for herbivorous and frugivorous mammals and birds, which help maintain the structure and function of the forest itself through seed and nutrient dispersal. One of the most frequent visitors of interior forest mineral licks in the Amazon is the red brocket deer (Mazama americana), a large‐bodied ruminant frugivore and seed predator. While several hypotheses for the drivers of geophagy exist, including mineral supplementation, toxin adsorption, and habitat selection, robust data on geophagy for the red brocket deer for large numbers of mineral licks is nonexistent. We used soil data from 83 mineral licks in conjunction with camera trap data from 52 of those mineral licks and a mixed‐effects modeling approach to test the three proposed hypotheses of geophagy for the red brocket deer. We found that consumed soils at mineral licks had elevated concentrations of almost all major and minor biologically active minerals measured, including Ca, Na, Mg, K, Cu, Zn, and Mn. Model results suggest that all three hypotheses hold true to some extent for the red brocket deer, with the greatest support for the mineral supplementation hypothesis, in particular with respect to Mg, Ca, Na, Cu, and Zn. This study provides critical information on the feeding ecology of the red brocket deer in the wild, and the first robust analysis of geophagy of an Amazonian mammal involving a large sample size of interior forest mineral licks.

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Trace element concentrations in livers of Common Buzzards Buteo buteo from eastern Poland

Kitowski

Jakubas

Wiącek

et al. 2017

Environ Monit Assess

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In this study, our aim was to determine the common sources of origin of 18 elements in the livers of Common Buzzards collected during the breeding season in an extensive agricultural landscape in south-east Poland with respect to age (adults and immatures) and sex (males and females). In all 34 specimens collected, the element concentrations followed the pattern of S > Na > Fe > Mg > Zn > Si > Cu > Mn > Ba > Se > B > Pb > Hg > Cd > Cr > Ni > Sr > V. Among the heavy metals examined, only the concentration of Pb was relatively high. Given the prevalence of farmland in the studied area (and the wide use of fertilizers), common use of lead-hunting ammunition and moderate concentration of Pb in fertilizers, the indirect influence of hunting ammunition ingested with food or as gastroliths was apparently responsible for the elevated levels of Pb in the livers of Common Buzzards. In our study, no significant sex-related differences were detected in the hepatic concentrations of any element. However, a significant age effect was observed for three elements, which had elevated levels in adults (Hg) and immature birds (B, Pb), and a significant age x sex interaction was found for S and Fe. These results might be explained by the importance of these elements in bone growth in immature birds (B), variable strategies of foraging between adults and immature birds (Pb), and possible intersex differences in the immature cohort in response to the presence of lead (S, Fe).

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Natural Sources of Minerals

Cited by 95 publications

References 20 publications

Chemical composition and dry matter digestion of some native and cultivated grasses in Mexico

Chemical composition and dry matter digestion of some native and cultivated grasses in Mexico

Drivers of geophagy by red brocket deer (Mazama americana) at Amazonian interior forest mineral licks

Trace element concentrations in livers of Common Buzzards Buteo buteo from eastern Poland

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