Natural soil spore banks — can they be used to retrieve lost ferns?

Dyer, A. F.

doi:10.1007/bf02291886

Cited by 42 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Plants, faced with the same problem of dispersal through time, have evolved resistant seeds that can spend decades in the soil seed bank until conditions favor germination and re‐establishment (Thompson, 2000; Telewski & Zeevaart, 2002). Similarly, spore‐forming organisms, such as bacteria (Henis, 1987), myxomycetes (Elliot, 1948), oomycetes (Henis et al ., 1987), bryophytes (Jonsson, 1993; Sundberg & Rydin, 2000), ferns (Dyer, 1994; Ranai, 2003; del Ramirez‐Trejo et al ., 2004), and fungi (Henis et al ., 1987), all include species with spores that retain viability for lengthy periods and germinate when conditions once again become suitable. Among the true fungi, the best‐studied examples of long‐lived propagules come from the plant pathology literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inoculum potential of Rhizopogon spores increases with time over the first 4 yr of a 99‐yr spore burial experiment

Bruns¹,

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary• In disturbed or pioneer settings, spores and sclerotia of ectomycorrhizal fungi serve as the necessary inoculum for establishment of ectomycorrhizaldependent trees. Yet, little is known about the persistence of these propagules through time.• Here, live field soil was inoculated with known quantities of basidiospores from four pine-associated species of Rhizopogon; these samples were then buried in retrievable containers, and pine seedling bioassays of serially diluted spore samples were used to measure spore viability.• In the first 4 yr, no evidence of loss of spore viability was found in the four Rhizopogon species tested, but all four species exhibited dormancy in which a maximum of 1-8% of their spores were initially receptive to pine roots. There were some differences between species in overall inoculum potential of their spores, but all species broke dormancy at a statistically similar rate.• This result provides evidence for spore dormancy in a common ectomycorrhizal genus, but it also precludes our ability to estimate the longevity of the spores accurately. Nevertheless these results, coupled with the observed patterns of Rhizopogon spore banks, suggest that at least decade-long durations are likely. As this experiment progresses, the true longevity of the spores will eventually be revealed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inoculum potential of Rhizopogon spores increases with time over the first 4 yr of a 99‐yr spore burial experiment

Bruns¹,

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As natural soil spore banks have considerable potential as a source of conservation material (Dyer, 1994), this work was carried out with different soil samples from Pedregulho, a site in Itirapina, Southeast Brazil, to see if spore banks were present. This is the first work on pteridophyte spore bank carried out in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fern spore bank at Pedregulho (Itirapina, São Paulo, Brazil)

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents an analysis of pteridophyte spore bank the site of Pedregulho, in Itirapina, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The samples of soil were collected in February (rainy season) and August (dry season) in four localities: open cerrado, cerradão, gallery forest and a disturbed area at depths of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm.The samples were collected in duplicate. Of the duplicates, one was used for spore counting and the second one for spore germination. In the cerrado, cerradão and gallery forest soil samples the values for pteridophyte spores were similar in the rainy and dry season, but in the disturbed area the percentage of spores was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. The number of pteridophyte spores decreased with soil depth in the rainy season in the cerrado, cerradão and disturbed area. Gametophytes were found in all samples. In general, soil collected in the cerrado, cerradão and disturbed area in the dry season presented more gametophytes than the ones collected in the rainy season. The number of gametophytes was lower in the 10-15 cm deep samples. The present results clearly show a reserve of spores in the soil of the four different sites studied in Itirapina region, in Brazil. Thus in this region turning over of soil layers and other kinds of disturbance can bring spores to the soil surface and their germination. This is one of the first reports of a pteridophyte spore bank for Brazil, no mention of any pteridophyte spore bank is made for South America by Lindsay & Dyer (1990) and Dyer & Lindsay (1992).Key words: fern spore bank, gametophytes, cerrado, cerradão, gallery forest, Brazil. RESUMO Banco de esporos de pteridófitas do Pedregulho (Itirapina, São Paulo, Brasil)Neste trabalho é apresentada uma análise do banco de esporos de pteridófitas do Pedregulho, em Itirapina, SP, Brasil. As amostras dos solos foram coletadas em fevereiro (estação chuvosa) e agosto (estação seca) de 1996, nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-15 cm. As amostras foram coletadas no cerrado, cerradão, mata ciliar e em uma área perturbada, em duplicata.Da duplicata, uma amostra foi usada para contagem do número de esporos e a segunda, para a germinação dos esporos e posterior contagem de gametófitos. Os valores em número de esporos de pteridófitas foi semelhante nas estações seca e chuvosa para cerrado, cerradão e mata ciliar. Na área perturbada, a porcentagem de esporos foi maior na estação chuvosa do que na seca. O número de esporos de pteridófitas decresceu com o aumento em profundidade (isto é, quanto mais profunda a camada, menor o número de esporos) na estação chuvosa no cerrado, cerradão e área perturbada. Foram encontrados gametófitos em todas as amostras. Em geral, solos coletados no cerrado, cerradão e área perturbada na estação seca apresentaram mais gametófitos do que nos solos coletados na estação chuvosa. O número de gametófitos foi menor nas amostras coletadas a 10-15 cm de profundidade. Os

show abstract

“…A regeneração de bancos de esporos pode (i) alterar o sistema reprodutivo através do acúmulo de esporos provenientes de fontes distantes, aumentando as chances de troca de material genético entre gametófitos de espécies colonizadoras; (ii) funcionar como um tampão contra as consequências da baixa produção de esporos nos anos com condições climáticas adversas, e (iii) atuar como um tampão contra mudanças drásticas na composição genética durante as flutuações no tamanho da população, de modo que só a longo prazo os padrões ambientais podem alterar substancialmente a composição genética (Dyer, 1994;Dyer & Lindsay, 1996). Genótipos aparentemente perdidos podem ser recuperados a partir do banco de esporos.…”

Section: Características Dos Bancos De Esporos De Samambaias E Licófitasunclassified

“…Dyer & Lindsay (1992) (Dyer & Lindsay, 1992;Esteves & Dyer, 2003;Hamilton, 1988;Lindsay, 1995), Espanha (During et al, 1987), Holanda (During & Ter Horst, 1983), Inglaterra (Clymo & Duckett, 1986), México (Ramírez-Trejo et al, 2004) e Suíça (Milberg, 1991). Em climas temperados foi frequentemente mostrada a existência de bancos de esporos (Dyer, 1994;Dyer & Lindsay 1992;Dyer & Lindsay 1996;Esteves & Dyer 2003), mas nas regiões tropicais esses estudos são bem mais raros. No Brasil, os estudos mais completos realizados até hoje foram em áreas de cerrados paulistas (Simabukuro et al, 1998b;1999) e em área de mata em Minas Gerais (Ranal 2003(Ranal , 2004.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Bancos de Esporos de Samambaias e Licófitas: uma Revisão

Esteves

2013

Anuário IGEO-UFRJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ResumoOs esporos de samambaias e licófitas podem ser depositados no solo e podem ser levados para o seu interior por mecanismos diversos, em geral para as camadas superficiais. Aí eles podem permanecer por determinado período de tempo em estado dormente e, quando levados novamente à superfície, poderão germinar. Esses esporos vivos armazenados no solo são chamados de banco de esporos. Bancos de esporos podem reduzir o risco de extinção de espécies, permitindo a regeneração de uma população devastada por inundações, incêndios, secas, deslizamentos ou processos de sucessão. Desta forma, eles têm uma função semelhante ao dos bancos de sementes em espermatófitas. A maioria absoluta dos esporos de samambaias e licófitas são fotoblásticos positivos. Esse valor adaptativo os torna dormentes quando soterrados e potencialmente aptos para germinar quando trazidos à luz. A regeneração de bancos de esporos persistentes também pode aumentar as chances de cruzamento entre gametófitos de espécies colonizadoras. Funciona como um tampão contra as consequências da baixa produção de esporos nos anos com condições climáticas adversas e contra mudanças drásticas na composição genética durante as flutuações no tamanho da população, de modo que somente a longo prazo os padrões ambientais podem alterar substancialmente essa composição. Genótipos aparentemente perdidos podem ser recuperados a partir do banco de esporos. Palavras-chave: Palinologia; bancos de esporos; Monilophyta; Lycophyta AbstractThe spores of ferns and lycophytes may be deposited on the soil, and by various mechanisms, they can be moved down into and through the soil, although usually remaining in the superficial layers. They may persist in the soil for some time in a dormant state, and when brought back to the surface they will germinate. Such living spores stored in the soil comprise what is called a soil spore bank. Spore banks can reduce the risk of extinction of species, allowing the regeneration of a population in an area devastated by floods, fires, droughts, landslides or succession processes. Thus, they have a function similar to that of seed banks in spermatophytes. In the majority of ferns and lycophytes the spores are positively photoblastic. This has adaptive value since it makes them dormant when buried and potentially able to germinate when brought to the surface. The regeneration of persistent spore banks can also increase the possibilities of crossing between gametophytes of colonizing species. They also function as a buffer against the consequences of low spore production in years with adverse weather conditions, and against drastic changes in the genetic composition during fluctuations in population size, such that only long-term changes in the environment can substantially alter its composition. Moreover, genotypes that were apparently lost can be recovered from the spore bank.

show abstract

Natural soil spore banks — can they be used to retrieve lost ferns?

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Inoculum potential of Rhizopogon spores increases with time over the first 4 yr of a 99‐yr spore burial experiment

Inoculum potential of Rhizopogon spores increases with time over the first 4 yr of a 99‐yr spore burial experiment

Fern spore bank at Pedregulho (Itirapina, São Paulo, Brazil)

Bancos de Esporos de Samambaias e Licófitas: uma Revisão

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About