Natural skeletal levels of lead in Homo sapiens sapiens uncontaminated by technological lead

Patterson, Clair C.; Ericson, Jonathon E.; Manea-Krichten, Mirela; Shirahata, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(91)90260-l

Cited by 123 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our measurements of lead concentration in prehistoric enamel for individuals in southern England are about twice those reported by Patterson et al (1991) for pre-contact Arizona and almost three times those reported by Ericson et al (1979) for pre-Columbian Peru (Table 3). They are an order of magnitude higher than those reported by Patterson et al (1991) for pre-contact Malibu.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…This approach led Patterson et al (1991) to reject data from one of their case studies as "obscured by excessive diagenetic additions of Pb" and to adjust their estimate of biogenic lead in the other to one third of the measured value. The Ba/Ca ratio approach is based on the proposition that both Pb 2+ and Ba 2+ migrate from aqueous phases in the soil and accumulate in buried bone in a similar way.…”

Section: Diagenetic Accumulation Of Lead In Archaeological Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Human tooth enamel as a record of the comparative lead exposure of prehistoric and modern people

Budd¹,

Montgomery

Evans

et al. 2000

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Diagenetic Accumulation Of Lead In Archaeological Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Human tooth enamel as a record of the comparative lead exposure of prehistoric and modern people

Budd¹,

Montgomery

Evans

et al. 2000

Science of The Total Environment

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“…9 In the United States, there were historically 2 major sources of industrially derived lead for children: airborne lead, mostly from the combustion of gasoline containing tetraethyl lead; and leaded chips and dust, mostly from deteriorating lead paint. Both contribute to soil lead.…”

Section: Decline Of Lead Poisoning In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Exposure in Children: Prevention, Detection, and Management

Shannon¹,

Best²,

Binns³

et al. 2005

Pediatrics

230

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ABSTRACT. Fatal lead encephalopathy has disappeared and blood lead concentrations have decreased in US children, but approximately 25% still live in housing with deteriorated lead-based paint and are at risk of lead exposure with resulting cognitive impairment and other sequelae. Evidence continues to accrue that commonly encountered blood lead concentrations, even those less than 10 g/dL, may impair cognition, and there is no threshold yet identified for this effect. Most US children are at sufficient risk that they should have their blood lead concentration measured at least once. There is now evidence-based guidance available for managing children with increased lead exposure. Housing stabilization and repair can interrupt exposure in most cases. The focus in childhood lead-poisoning policy, however, should shift from case identification and management to primary prevention, with a goal of safe housing for all children.

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“…Es un elemento inocuo en forma natural pero potencialmente tóxico cuando se manipula, esencialmente en procesos industriales (1). En Estados Unidos, durante los años setenta del pasado milenio, las dos fuentes más frecuentes de exposición al plomo eran el plomo suspendido en el aire como producto de la combustión de gasolina, así como el contenido en la viruta, la pintura, los residuos y el polvo en las residencias de habitación (2); por esa época, tras la exigencia gubernamental de suprimir el plomo de la gasolina, la pintura y las emisiones de humo en las chimeneas industriales, hubo un franco descenso en los niveles promedio de la población (3).…”

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Aspectos clínicos y niveles de plomo en niños expuestos de manera paraocupacional en el proceso de reciclaje de baterías de automóviles en las localidades de Soacha y Bogotá, D.C.

2008

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Introducción. El plomo es un metal inocuo mientras no sea objeto de manipulación en procesos industriales. Aun cuando se ha eliminado la gasolina con plomo en muchos países, incluso en Colombia, el reciclaje informal de baterías sigue siendo una fuente potencial de exposición e intoxicación, tanto para los trabajadores como para sus familias, en los estratos bajos. Objetivo. Establecer hallazgos clínicos, niveles de plomo en sangre y frecuencia de intoxicación en niños expuestos de manera paraocupacional al reciclaje informal de baterías de automoviles. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo con selección por la exposición. La investigación se inició tras conocerse un caso índice de intoxicación en la población de Soacha, Cundinamarca. Se incluyeron consecutivamente a menores de edad, referidos por familiares, vecinos o conocidos, quienes se conocieran en exposición paraocupacional. Los menores fueron examinados y se tomaron muestras de sangre para determinación hematológica y dosificación de plomo. Resultados. Se examinaron 32 menores de 12 años, la mayoría en etapa escolar; todos presentaban altos niveles de plomo (dos a nueve veces el valor máximo aceptable) y dos tercios de ellos se encontraban con intoxicación grave. La serie de expuestos es significativamente sintomática en relación con los hallazgos sugestivos de intoxicación por plomo. Los niños con mayores niveles de plomo tenían la tendencia a presentar un mayor compromiso hematológico y a hacer manifiesto el ribete de Burton. Conclusión. Este trabajo descriptivo aporta un claro signo de alarma ante las autoridades sanitarias y de gobierno, a fin de tomar medidas tendientes a disminuir la exposición ocupacional, o paraocupacional de los niños, al reciclaje de baterías, mediante un programa de prevención y tamización en municipios y localidades del área metropolitana de Bogotá y Soacha.Palabras clave: intoxicación por plomo/epidemiología, exposición profesional, uso de residuos peligrosos, baterías, niños, lactantes, Colombia.Clinical manifestations of lead levels in children exposed to automobile battery recycling processes in Soacha and Bogotá, D.C.Introduction. Lead is a harmless metal if not handled directly in the industrial process. Even though lead has been eliminated from the gasoline in many countries, automobile battery recycling continues to be a potential source of exposure and intoxication for the workers and their families, particularly of low income. The current investigation was initiated after an index case of lead poisoning was reported from Soacha, Cundinamarca, in central Colombia.. Objective. Clinical investigation established lead levels and lead poison frequency in children with para-occupational lead exposure in the process of recycling automobile batteries. Material and methods. This was designed as a descriptive study, with selection of subjects with high risk of possible lead exposure. Minors, mostly of school age were recruited based on referral by relatives, neighbors or acquaintances, all of whom were involved in para-oc...

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Natural skeletal levels of lead in Homo sapiens sapiens uncontaminated by technological lead

Cited by 123 publications

References 42 publications

Human tooth enamel as a record of the comparative lead exposure of prehistoric and modern people

Human tooth enamel as a record of the comparative lead exposure of prehistoric and modern people

Lead Exposure in Children: Prevention, Detection, and Management

Aspectos clínicos y niveles de plomo en niños expuestos de manera paraocupacional en el proceso de reciclaje de baterías de automóviles en las localidades de Soacha y Bogotá, D.C.

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