NATURAL SELECTION IN LABORATORY POPULATIONS OF<i>DROSOPHILA</i>. II. COMPETITION BETWEEN A WHITE-EYE GENE AND ITS WILD TYPE ALLELE

Reed, Sheldon C.; Reed, E. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1950.tb01381.x

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Such experiments as these were carn~d out under conditions in which changes In gene frequency due to sampling accidents (random drift) were negligible. In the work of Reed andReed (1948. 1950), Ludwin (1951) and Merrell (1953) on selective differences between mutants and wild type, non-systematic effects of considerable magnitude and attributable to accidents of sampling occurred; however, these data did not permit a close evaluation of the extent of this influence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Frequency in Small Populations of Mutant Drosophila

Buri

1956

Evolution

126

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Frequency in Small Populations of Mutant Drosophila

Buri

1956

Evolution

126

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“…This modification of male and female reproductive activities has allowed an insight into the comparatively rapid loss of the mutant allele a from experimental laboratory populations, and into the fact that this allele fails to exist in natural populations. Males with either a single or double dose of the mutant allele failed to perform in reproduction at levels comparable to the a' -bearing males, analogous to the mating system in D. melanogaster populations proposed by Reed and Reed (1950) to account for reduced participation of males carrying the sex-linked w allele.…”

Section: Reproductive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 55%

On the Male Reproductive Behavior and Sustained Polymorphism of the Rt Locus in Laboratory Populations of Ephestia kuhniella

Cotter¹

1974

Evolution

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The rt locus in Ephestia (Anagasta 1 ) kuhniella is characterized by two alleles which control pigmentation of the testis sheath cells (Rt for brown-blue testis; rt for red testis). It is a reasonable assumption that both alleles occur in wild populations of this moth in North America and Europe although no specific allele-sampling study has been made in the natural populations to substantiate it. Caspari (1933, 1943) identified this allelic polymorphism initially in German strains, then again in American materials provided by Prof. P. W. Whiting. More recently (1950), he found that of two strains from Prof. A. Kiihn's laboratory, the first proved homozygous for the Rt allele, and the second homozygous for the rt allele. These observations, in the aggregate, imply that both alleles are to be found in samples from natural populations of this moth species.Phenotypic expression of the two alleles in pigment formation is restricted to the testis only; no other ommochrome-containing organ is affected (Caspari, 1943; Wolfram, 1949), and the genotype of the female for this locus can be inferred only by progeny testing. The biological basis for natural selection resulting in a balanced 1 Assignment of Ephestia kiihniella to the genus Anagasta was made by Heinrich (1956) on the basis of differences in morphology of this species when compared to the other species more typical of the original genus. However, a recent taxonomic study of R. V. Roesler (1973) reinstated the generic name Ephestia and assigned Anagasta as the subgenus. The established traditional name of this moth, Ephestia kilhniella, will be used throughout these reported genetic studies. polymorphism of the three possible genotypes must be sought in areas other than that of coloration because the differences in pigmentation are not visible without dissection of the male abdomen.Backcross and F2 cultures which were segregating for Rt and rt were analyzed by Caspari (1950) for differences in viability, speed of development, and mating behavior. The red testis male (rtlrt) was found to be significantly more viable than the blue-brown testis males (Rt/rt and RtlRt) of the F 2 cultures. In all other features the heterozygous male (Rtlrt) was equal, or slightly superior, to either homozygote. Analysis of mating pairs showed that significantly more heterozygous males were found in copula than would have been expected on the basis of their proportion in the population of males. These observations suggest a net positive selective value of the rt allele.This study was undertaken in order to relate changes in the rt allele frequency of laboratory populations with modifications of male reproductive behavior resulting from single allele substitution. It demonstrates 1) that there is a sustained polymorphism at the rt locus in population cages with an increase in the relative frequency of the rt allele, and 2) that the reproductive behavior of the rtlrt male Ephestia is a complex function of the relative genotypic composition of the population, of the adult male populat...

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“…The concept of gene lethality as modified by Li (1961), "lethal = not necessarily fatal, but causing inability to have children," reflects this thesis. Recent population studies of single genes and their effects on reproductive behavior have shown that the major effect of even the so-called "neutral" or non-selective genes for larval or adult traits is a reduction in efficiency of that complex neurological integration which is seen as the behavioral responses of the organism to its total environment (Reed and Reed, 1950;Merrell, 1953). A gene which predisposes its total gene complex to be less efficiently transferred to the succeeding generations must therefore be viewed as lethal or semilethal, if as a consequence of its presence in the genotype, behaviorally maladapted adults are produced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Genetic Studies of Alleles at the a+ Locus in Ephestia kuhniella

Cotter¹

1963

Evolution

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NATURAL SELECTION IN LABORATORY POPULATIONS OFDROSOPHILA. II. COMPETITION BETWEEN A WHITE-EYE GENE AND ITS WILD TYPE ALLELE

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Gene Frequency in Small Populations of Mutant Drosophila

Gene Frequency in Small Populations of Mutant Drosophila

On the Male Reproductive Behavior and Sustained Polymorphism of the Rt Locus in Laboratory Populations of Ephestia kuhniella

Population Genetic Studies of Alleles at the a+ Locus in Ephestia kuhniella

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