Natural Selection for Reproductive Isolation in Phlox

Levin, Donald A.; Kerster, Harold W.

doi:10.2307/2406765

Cited by 68 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…During the modern synthesis, Dobzhansky (1940) first clearly articulated how greater assortative mating could be favored by selection to decrease hybridization and maintain coadapted gene complexes. Although much of the formative research on reinforcement was done in animal systems (Dobzhansky and Koller, 1938;Blair, 1955;Dobzhansky et al, 1964;Littlejohn and Loftus-Hills, 1968), there is a long history of botanical research on reinforcement as well (Grant, 1966;Levin and Kerster, 1967;McNeilly and Antonovics, 1968;Paterniani, 1969;Whalen, 1978).…”

Section: Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization in Plants: Old Ideas, New Techniques

2016

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Hybridization has played an important role in the evolution of many lineages. With the growing availability of genomic tools and advancements in genomic analyses, it is becoming increasingly clear that gene flow between divergent taxa can generate new phenotypic diversity, allow for adaptation to novel environments, and contribute to speciation. Hybridization can have immediate phenotypic consequences through the expression of hybrid vigor. On longer evolutionary time scales, hybridization can lead to local adaption through the introgression of novel alleles and transgressive segregation and, in some cases, result in the formation of new hybrid species. Studying both the abundance and the evolutionary consequences of hybridization has deep historical roots in plant biology. Many of the hypotheses concerning how and why hybridization contributes to biological diversity currently being investigated were first proposed tens and even hundreds of years ago. In this Update, we discuss how new advancements in genomic and genetic tools are revolutionizing our ability to document the occurrence of and investigate the outcomes of hybridization in plants.

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Section: Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization in Plants: Old Ideas, New Techniques

2016

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“…Studies of reinforcement in plants have found a range of traits that respond to reinforcing selection. The mechanisms involved in decreasing hybridization include shifts in flower color (Levin & Kerster, 1967;Hopkins & Rausher, 2012), changes in flowering time (McNeilly & Antonovics, 1968;Silvertown et al, 2005), increased selffertilization rates (Fishman & Wyatt, 1999), altered floral morphology (Whalen, 1978) and new pollen-stigma incompatibilities (Kay & Schemske, 2008). Reinforcing selection acts only in geographic regions of sympatry or close parapatry in which two diverging taxa have the opportunity to hybridize, but does not act in allopatric populations.…”

Section: Box 1 Uses Of the Term Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modularity of plants allows direct comparison, in the same plant and at the same time, of seed development, pollen tube germination and growth from different donors. Given these advantages, and the existence of classical works on this topic (Grant, 1966;Levin & Kerster, 1967;McNeilly & Antonovics, 1968;Paterniani, 1969;Levin, 1970;Whalen, 1978), we should be able to increase our depth and breadth of knowledge on reinforcement in plants.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement in plants

2013

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SummaryA major goal of evolutionary biology is to understand how diverging populations become species. The evolution of reproductive isolation (RI) halts the genomic homogenization caused by gene flow and recombination, and enables differentiation and local adaptations to become fixed between newly forming species. Selection can favor the strengthening of RI through a process termed reinforcement. Reinforcement occurs when selection favors traits that decrease mating between two incipient species in response to costly mating or the production of maladapted hybrids. Although this process has been investigated more frequently in animals, there is also evidence of reinforcement in plants. There are three strategies for the investigation of the process of reinforcement: case studies of species or diverging taxa; experimental evolution studies; and comparative studies. Here, I discuss how all three strategies find evidence consistent with reinforcement occurring in plants. I focus largely on case studies, and use research on Phlox drummondii to illustrate the importance of testing alternative hypotheses. Although the existing evidence suggests that reinforcement can occur, further investigations, particularly using largescale comparative studies, are needed to determine the importance of reinforcement in plant speciation.

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“…For example, Lewis (1961) observed that although Clarkia lingulata and C. biloba (which can interbreed and produce sterile hybrids) may grow in adjacent colonies, in experimental mixed populations one is eventually eliminated, possibly because of infidelity of the pollinators. A long-term evolutionary response whereby hybridization is reduced is character displacement, which has been observed in butterfly pollinated Phlox (Levin and Kerster, 1967;Levin and Schahl, 1970). Other options that accentuate contrasts and thus reduce pollinator straying include shifts of blooming time, or changes of habitat.…”

Section: Color and Form Variety Between Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%