“…Thus, this meta-analysis is geared to investigate curricular science reform through STS instruction as described by empirical studies conducted by educational researchers all over the world. Through this systematic literature review, the extent to which the STS approach is effective is determined by analyzing research studies that have been conducted in various scientific disciplines, such as biology (Astuti, Manurung & Juriani, 2019;Pratama, Abdurrahman & Jalmo, 2018;Putra, 2021), chemistry (Igboanugo, 2021;Poluakan et al, 2020;, science (Kapici et al, 2017;Prasasti & Listiani, 2019;, and natural science (Budi, Sunarno & Sugiyarto, 2018;Widiastuti & Purnawijaya, 2021). The core of this research, which includes a myriad of scientific data, is to analyze the relative effect sizes of the different characteristics and moderators of the STS approach.…”