Natural Rubber Nanoblends: Preparation, Characterization and Applications

Ghosh, Oriparambil Sivaraman Nirmal; Gayathri, S.; Sudhakara, P.; Misra, S. K.; Jayaramudu, J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48720-5_2

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The CE-32 elastomer outperformed the rubber band with respect to ultimate tensile strength and elongation; however, the Young modulus of the rubber band was approximately 3 MPa, which was higher than all three CE samples. This was expected, as rubber bands are composite materials with hard filler particlesusually claythat increase the rigidity and lower the water permeability of the vulcanized natural rubber . We have previously reported that fumed silica filler can be incorporated into polyester elastomers with a very similar chemical structure as those presented here, and we believe the same strategy could be applied to increase the σ b and E of MCL-based elastomers.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…This was expected, as rubber bands are composite materials with hard filler particlesusually claythat increase the rigidity and lower the water permeability of the vulcanized natural rubber. 54 We have previously reported that fumed silica filler can be incorporated into polyester elastomers with a very similar chemical structure as those presented here, 9 and we believe the same strategy could be applied to increase the σ b and E of MCL-based elastomers.…”

Section: Scheme 2 Model Compound Study and Expected Products Asupporting

confidence: 66%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sustainable Polyester Elastomers from Lactones: Synthesis, Properties, and Enzymatic Hydrolyzability

et al. 2018

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Chemically cross-linked elastomers are an important class of polymeric materials with excellent temperature and solvent resistance. However, nearly all elastomers are petroleum-derived and persist in the environment or in landfills long after they are discarded; this work strives to address these issues by demonstrating the synthesis of renewable, enzymatically hydrolyzable, and mechanically competitive polyester elastomers. The elastomers described were synthesized using a novel bis(β-lactone) cross-linker and star-shaped, hydroxyl-terminated poly(γ-methyl-ε-caprolactone). Using model compounds, we determined that the bis(β-lactone) cross-linker undergoes acyl bond cleavage to afford β-hydroxyesters at the junctions. The mechanical properties of the cross-linked materials were tunable and competitive with a commodity rubber band. Furthermore, the elastomers demonstrated high thermal stability and a low glass transition (-50 °C), indicating a wide range of use temperatures. The polyester networks were also subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis experiments to investigate the potential for these materials to biodegrade in natural environments. We found that they readily hydrolyzed at neutral pH and environmentally relevant temperatures (2-40 °C); complete hydrolysis was achieved in all cases at temperature-dependent rates. The results presented in this work exemplify the development of high performance yet sustainable alternatives to conventional elastomers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Scheme 2 Model Compound Study and Expected Products Asupporting

confidence: 66%

Sustainable Polyester Elastomers from Lactones: Synthesis, Properties, and Enzymatic Hydrolyzability

et al. 2018

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“…The broadband and clear peaks for the two polymers, PVC and polypropylene, around 3414 cm − 1 attributes the aliphatic or aromatic O-H stretc.hing. The presence of the nitrile group in the rubber type of polymer in the glove plastic was identified can be confirmed at the peak of 2340 cm − 1 , and the peak at 597 cm − 1 is a representative of C-Cl stretc.hing vibrations (Nirmal Ghosh et al 2017 ). In general, spectral vibration and stretc.hing can provide evidence face masks and gloves are made up of PVC and polypropylenes which are thermoplastic types of polymer that suggest that it can be used for fuel energy through the pyrolysis process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Current plastics pollution threats due to COVID-19 and its possible mitigation techniques: a waste-to-energy conversion via Pyrolysis

2021

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Background The extensive use and production of PPE, and disposal in the COVID-19 pandemic increases the plastic wastes arise environmental threats. Roughly, 129 billion face masks and 65 billion plastic gloves every month are used and disposed of on the globe. The study aims to identify the polymer type of face masks and gloves and sustainable plastic waste management options. Results The identification of polymers, which can help for fuel conversion alternatives, was confirmed by FTIR and TGA/DTA analysis and confirms that the polymeric categories fit for the intended purpose. Moreover, the handling technique for upcycling and the environmental impacts of the medical face mask and glove were discussed. The FTIR result revealed that face masks and gloves are polypropylene and PVC thermoplastic polymer, respectively and they can be easily transformed to fuel energy via pyrolysis. The endothermic peaks around 431 ℃ for medical glove and 175 ℃ for surgical is observed tells that the melting point of the PVC and polypropylene of plastic polymers, respectively. The pyrolysis of the face mask and glove was carried out in a closed reactor at 400 ℃ for 1 h. Conferring to lab-scale processes, liquid, and wax fuel rate of 75%, char of 10%, and the rest non-condensable gases were estimated at the end. Conclusions It can be concluded that the medical plastics can be recycled into oil due to their thermoplastics nature having high oil content and the waste to energy conversion can potentially reduce the volume of PPE plastic wastes.

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“…The presence of the nitride group in the normal face of a mask is identified and confirmed at the peak of 2348 cm -1 . The small peaks at 2838 and 2889 cm -1 are attributed to the symmetrical stretching of CH 3 in the polypropylene polymers [23]. The strong and sharp peak at 2916 and 2950 cm -1 on normal face masks corresponds to aliphatic C-H stretching and asymmetrical stretching of CH 3 in polypropylene polymers [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The peaks at 1454 cm -1 are attributed to the C-H asymmetric deformation vibrations of polypropylene compounds [22]. The small peaks at 2837 and 2889 cm -1 are attributed to the symmetrical stretching of CH 3 in the polypropylene polymers [23]. The strong and sharp peak at 2918 cm -1 on the three layers corresponds to the aliphatic C-H stretching of polypropylene polymers [24].…”

Section: (B) Face Mask (Kn95)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Threat by Face Mask after COVID-19 in Nepal

Kattel,

Chalise,

Adhikari

et al. 2023

J. Nep. Phys. Soc.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in the production and use of disposable face masks, contributing to the growing global waste problem. While face masks were initially used primarily by healthcare professionals who knew how to dispose of them properly, their widespread adoption by the general public has raised concerns regarding the correct management of discarded masks. This issue is particularly significant as new types of pollutants, including microplastics, are being introduced into the environment. In underdeveloped nations like Nepal, misconceptions about the composition of face masks and a lack of awareness about their environmental impact are prevalent. To gain insight into the particle constituents of commonly used face masks, namely normal, surgical, and KN95 masks favored by residents of Nepal's Kathmandu Valley, we conducted Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis using an IRTracer-100 spectrometer. Our analysis identified the functional group and revealed that the primary material found in these masks is polypropylene microplastic polymers, rather than biodegradable fibers.

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Natural Rubber Nanoblends: Preparation, Characterization and Applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

Sustainable Polyester Elastomers from Lactones: Synthesis, Properties, and Enzymatic Hydrolyzability

Sustainable Polyester Elastomers from Lactones: Synthesis, Properties, and Enzymatic Hydrolyzability

Current plastics pollution threats due to COVID-19 and its possible mitigation techniques: a waste-to-energy conversion via Pyrolysis

Pollution Threat by Face Mask after COVID-19 in Nepal

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