Natural Resource Conservation Based on Community Economic Empowerment: Perspectives on Watershed Management and Slum Settlements in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of slum development, community poverty, and community behavior on environmental degradation in the Tallo river basin in Makassar City and to analyze the effects of natural resource conservation, economic empowerment, community capacity building on the productivity of economic enterprises and ecosystem-based sustainability. This study uses a qualitative-quantitative approach in sequence. Data were obtained through observation, surveys, and documentation. The research findings show that slums, poverty, and community behavior have a significant effect on the decline in the environmental quality of the Tallo river basin in Makassar City, with a coefficient of determination of 32.2%. The results showed that the conservation of natural resources, economic empowerment, and community capacity building were positively correlated to increasing the productivity of community economic enterprises and the sustainability of watershed ecosystems. The assertion is that watershed conservation, integrated with economic empowerment, contributes positively to economic, social, and environmental sustainability. This study offers the concept of conservation of natural resources based on community economic empowerment as a solution to the handling of slums for the case of metropolitan cities in Indonesia, to support metropolitan city development programs nationally.

Economic Evaluation, Use of Renewable Energy, and Sustainable Urban Development Mamminasata Metropolitan, Indonesia

“…Thus, this study aims to analyze: (1) Economic growth and energy security as determinants of urban development in the Mamminasata Metropolitan Area. (2) The effect of economic growth, energy consumption, availability of transportation infrastructure, and renewable energy on improving environmental quality and sustainability of the Mamminasata Metropolitan urban system. (3) Renewable energy management strategy to support sustainable urban development in the Mamminasata Metropolitan urban area.…”

“…There are problems faced in the distribution and services of energy in this urban area. (1) There is an inadequate use of domestic energy due to the limited availability of regional infrastructure, (2) The added value of the economy from the renewable energy sector has not been optimized. (3) Energy resources have not become the basic capital in urban area development as a unit.…”

“…Economic growth contributes to the progress of the region, but has an impact on economic inequality, environment deterioration, and excessive energy consumption. In particular, global warming worldwide, triggered by massive emissions of greenhouse gases, is now one of the major problems facing humanity due to an increase in pollutants originating from fossil energy [2,3]. Energy security as part of the availability of natural resources is basically oriented toward continuity, affordable prices, and sustainability in terms of use.…”

“…The Forum initiated the achievement of Goal 7 of the 17 Goals set out in the SDGs, namely to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all [6]. The strategic targets to be achieved through the forum include (1) universal access to electricity, fuel, and clean technology for cooking, (2) an increased share of renewable energy in the world energy distribution, and (3) a doubled rate of improvement in world energy efficiency. Energy is very important for economic progress however the increasing population causes the demand for energy needs to continue to increase on the one hand, and on the other hand, limited resources and rising energy prices have a positive contribution to decreasing environmental quality and sustaining economic growth [7].…”

Spatial Transformation of a New City in 2006–2020: Perspectives on the Spatial Dynamics, Environmental Quality Degradation, and Socio—Economic Sustainability of Local Communities in Makassar City, Indonesia

“…Six factors have a strong influence on the process of spatial development in a centrifugal manner, which reflects variations in the spatial intensity of suburban areas considering (a) accessibility; (b) public services; (c) land characteristics; (d) the characteristics of land ownership; (e) the existence of regulations governing land use; and (f) developer initiatives [24]. Each city must have a clear vision of its social, economic, cultural, and physical spatial factors [25]. The process of centripetal spatial development involves the addition of space to accommodate activities by erecting urban structures in inner-city areas that allow physical structures to be built up between areas that have already been built.…”