Natural resistance of raw cotton fiber to heat evidenced by the suppressed depolymerization of cellulose

Nam, Sunghyun; Condon, Brian; Liu, Yongliang; He, Qingliang

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.03.005

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…4i) have a highly disordered structure with few local graphene stacked together while HC-Gwa (Fig. 4f) has a high degree of graphitization involving several stacked graphene layers (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Despite the high degree of graphitization showed here, it is important to remind that TEM is a local technique, many areas on the material revealing a high disorder degree, similar to the one observed for HC-Awa and HC-Pwa samples, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Hard Carbon Structural Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 75%

Impact of biomass inorganic impurities on hard carbon properties and performance in Na-ion batteries

Beda

Meins

Taberna

et al. 2020

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

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Biomass waste recently emerged as efficient precursors for hard carbon anode preparation for Na-ion batteries. Despite their very complex microstructure (organic/inorganic) there is a lack of knowledge about their impact on carbon formation. In this paper, the influence of inorganic impurities of three raw local biomass wastes (asparagus, grape and potato) on the hard carbon properties and on their electrochemical performance is investigated, by performing a washing step either before or after the thermal treatment (TT) at 1300 °C. When washing was done after the TT (with HCl), most of crystalline inorganic impurities (K, Ca, Si, Mg-based compounds) could be significantly removed. This triggered the increase of ultramicroporosity along with mesoporosity formation and graphite interlayer space (d002) contraction. Such observations are less pronounced on grape derived carbon due to the inorganic's catalytic induced local graphitization during pyrolysis. The oxygen content in the pristine carbons was high, owing to the presence of inorganic metal oxides and carbonates, and could be diminished after washing along with the amount of defects. Thus, the carbon content and the electronic conductivity of the materials were enhanced. The electrochemical performance improvement after washing was limited since the positive effect brought by impurities removal was negatively compensated by the changes occurring in the materials, particularly the increase in the specific surface area. Diffrently, the washing done before the TT (with water) induced only fewer changes on the materials porosity and structure and slightly improved capacity (from 215 to 230 mAh g −1). Furthermore, higher pyrolysis temperature (1400 °C) on washed HCs afforded a better reversible capacity up to 280 mAh g −1. This comprehensive study opens the door for green and mild synthesis approach to be further explored for sustainable fabrication of hard carbon for Na-ion batteries.

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Section: Hard Carbon Structural Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 75%

Impact of biomass inorganic impurities on hard carbon properties and performance in Na-ion batteries

Beda

Meins

Taberna

et al. 2020

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

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“…Such availability makes them attractive as precursors for hard carbon preparation, and self-supported films can be readily designed in a variety of shapes (e.g., paper, fibers, powder, and filters). However, when thermally treated at high temperatures (>1000°C), a low carbon yield and low mechanical stability are usually observed [15][16][17][18] , which may explain why there are a very limited number of publications on hard carbon SSEs derived from cellulose/cotton or other sources for SIBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-supported binder-free hard carbon electrodes for sodium-ion batteries: insights into their sodium storage mechanisms

et al. 2020

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“…While the FT-IR analysis of Liu et al (2015) has been applied to qualitative characterization of biochars from various agricultural and industrial wastes and byproducts (e.g., Li et al, 2020b;Nair et al, 2020;Rodriguez et al, 2020), the quantitative evaluation by the R reading has not been adopted. This is mainly due to the two facts that 1) its physical significance is not apparent as the idea was derived from three-band ratio algorithms in cotton fiber and cellulose studies (Liu et al, 2011;Nam et al, 2017), and 2) Liu et al (2015) did not report clear correlations between R readings and pyrolysis temperature of the four types of plant biomass biochars they generated.…”

Section: Atr Ft-ir Spectramentioning

confidence: 98%

Fourier Transform Infrared and Solid State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Characterization of Defatted Cottonseed Meal-Based Biochars

He¹,

Guo²,

Fortier³

et al. 2021

MAS

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Conversion to biochar may be a value-added approach to recycle defatted cottonseed meal, a major byproduct from the cotton industry. In this work, complete slow pyrolysis at seven peak temperatures ranging from 300 to 600°C in batch reactors was implemented to process cottonseed meal into biochar products. Elemental analysis, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and quantitative solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were applied to characterize raw meal and its derived biochar products. The biochar yield and organic C and total N recoveries decreased as the peak pyrolysis temperatures was elevated. However, most of the mineral elements including P in cottonseed meal were retained during pyrolysis and became enriched in biochar as a result of the decreased mass yield. The spectral data showed that pyrolysis removed the functional groups of biopolymers in cottonseed meal, producing highly aromatic structures in biochars. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, alkyl structures decreased progressively in the biochar products and became negligible at higher temperatures (550 and 600°C). Quantitative analysis of FT IR data revealed that the values of a simple 3-band (1800,1700, and 650 cm-1)-based R reading of the biochars were linearly related to the pyrolysis temperature, and showed strong correlations with decreasing aromaticity and increasing alkyl, aliphatic C-O/N and carbonyl signal intensities in the 13C NMR spectra. Therefore, the cheaper and faster FT-IR measurement could be used as a routine conversion indicator of pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass instead of the more expensive and time-consuming NMR spectroscopy.

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Natural resistance of raw cotton fiber to heat evidenced by the suppressed depolymerization of cellulose

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Impact of biomass inorganic impurities on hard carbon properties and performance in Na-ion batteries

Impact of biomass inorganic impurities on hard carbon properties and performance in Na-ion batteries

Self-supported binder-free hard carbon electrodes for sodium-ion batteries: insights into their sodium storage mechanisms

Fourier Transform Infrared and Solid State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Characterization of Defatted Cottonseed Meal-Based Biochars

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