Natural remedies for non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced toxicity

Abstract

The liver is an important organ of the body, which has a vital role in metabolic functions. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), diclofenac causes hepato-renal toxicity and gastric ulcers. NSAIDs are noted to be an agent for the toxicity of body organs. This review has elaborated various scientific perspectives of the toxicity caused by diclofenac and its mechanistic action in affecting the vital organ. This review suggests natural products are better remedies than current clinical drugs against the toxicity caused by NSAIDs. Natural products are known for their minimal side effects, low cost and availability. On the other hand, synthetic drugs pose the danger of adverse effects if used frequently or over a long period. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Antifibrogenic Influence of Mentha piperita L. Essential Oil against CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats

“…Medicinal plants and their derivatives contain a wide variety of bioactive phytochemicals with a diverse pharmacological spectrum [ 10 , 11 ]. Essential oils constituents including terpenes, terpenoids, phenylpropenes, and other degradation products have been reported to exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities [ 12 ].…”

Photodegradation of pharmaceutical drugs using Sn-modified TiO2 powders under visible light irradiation

“…Specifically, the Non-Steroidal anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) have attracted special attention because of their resilience and stable chemical structure that once are introduced to the environment become in refractory pollutants. It is well known that NSAIDs can come from hospital effluents as well as from pharmaceutical industry; it is worth noting that domestic effluents can also contain quantities of pharmaceuticals since they can be acquired without medical prescription and are excreted in a high percentage with the urine [4,5]. Then, water polluted with NSAIDs has attracted the interest of researchers from different scientific disciplines around the world and, in this particular case of study, the water used from different effluents of a pharmaceutical industry in the State of Mexico, containing separately paracetamol, ibuprofen and diclofenac.…”

Topical Administration of Ibuprofen for Injured Athletes: Considerations, Formulations, and Comparison to Oral Delivery

“…In addition, NSAIDs have been shown to reduce the cardiovascular protective benefits of low-dose aspirin when taken simultaneously [ 21 – 24 ]. Furthermore, renal toxicity is also a concern in patients who use NSAIDs [ 25 – 27 ]. Altogether, the use of NSAIDs has been estimated account for 107,000 hospitalizations and 16,500 deaths annually in the USA alone [ 28 ].…”