Natural Products for the Prevention and Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is the main pathogen that induces chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, atrophic gastritis, and other gastric disorders, and it is classified as a group I carcinogen. To eradicate H. pylori infection, triple therapy consisting of two antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor is the most widely recommended first-line therapeutic strategy. Antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics contained in triple therapy could lead to therapeutic regimen failures. Recent studies showed that many natural products, including fruits, vegetables, spices, and medicinal plants, possess inhibitory effects on H. pylori, indicating their potential to be alternatives to prevent and manage H. pylori infection. This review summarizes the effects of natural products on H. pylori infection and highlights the mechanisms of action.

Using Probiotics as Supplementation for Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic Therapy

“…pylori can cause diseases only if successfully colonized. The optimal growth pH for H. pylori is 8.5, whereas the bacteria can survive for only approximately 30 min under extremely acidic environments, such as gastric cavity [18,19]. The ability of H. pylori to transiently resist gastric acid and pass through the gastric mucous layer, quickly reaching the pH-neutral environment, mainly depends on its urease, chemotaxis system, flagella, and spiral morphology ( Figure 1) [20].…”

“…Recent studies have shown that the eradication of H. pylori in infected asymptomatic individuals at all ages can reduce the occurrence of gastric cancers [6]. Various virulence factors and virulence genes of H. pylori, such as cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin protein (VacA), duodenal ulcer promoting gene (DupA), and urease play the key role in injuring host tissues and inducing gastrointestinal diseases [19].…”

“…VacA toxin exists in most H. pylori strains, but varies greatly in its toxin activity. It is named after its ability to form "vacuoles" in gastric epithelial cell cytoplasm [19,45]. VacA have been described as a multi-receptor protein with receptors being found on the surface of various cells, including gastric epithelial cells, and immune cells [46].…”

Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Gastric Cancer: Effects and Mechanisms

“…Accumulating studies have suggested that Helicobacter pylori infection can cause various gastric diseases, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and atrophic gastritis. The Helicobacter pylori infection is highly related to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, particularly the intestinal type [95][96][97]. It was reported that infection with cytotoxin-associated gene antigen cagA + strains of Helicobacter pylori might lead to severe gastric inflammation and gastric cancer [98,99].…”

Food constituents for inhibition of BabA of Helicobacter pylori

“…This might lead to the suggestion that BabA and other binding proteins such as SabA are involved in carcinogenesis 24 . This protein was reported to be necessary for H. pylori replication and nutrient acquisition 25,26 , it has been estimated in population with the highest incidence of gastric cancer worldwide as in East Asia 22 27,28 . To explore that computational aid drug design (CADD) can play an important in drug design and discovery using different approaches, among these Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD), since a lot of 3D structures are now available.…”