Natural Plasmodium vivax infections in Anopheles mosquitoes in a malaria endemic area of northeastern Thailand

Poolphol, Petchaboon; Harbach, Ralph E.; Sriwichai, Patchara; Aupalee, Kittipat; Sattabongkot, Jetsumon; Kumpitak, Chalermpon; Srisuka, Wichai; Taai, Kritsana; Thongsahuan, Sorawat; Phuackchantuck, Rochana; Saeung, Atiporn; Chaithong, Udom

doi:10.1007/s00436-017-5653-1

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Having other infected person in the same household at the same period was a significant risk factor for having multiple malaria episodes in this cohort study. In areas where Anopheles vectors are abundant and effective in malaria transmission [49, 50], human reservoir could play an important role in local malaria transmission in the area [51]. In this study area, Anopheles minimus and Anopheles maculatus are the main malaria vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological profiles of recurrent malaria episodes in an endemic area along the Thailand-Myanmar border: a prospective cohort study

Lawpoolsri

Sattabongkot

Sirichaisinthop

et al. 2019

Malar J

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Background In low malaria transmission areas, many people acquire multiple malaria infections within a single season. This study aimed to describe the pattern and epidemiological profile of malaria recurrence in a hypoendemic area of western Thailand and identify factors associated with having multiple malaria episodes. Methods An open cohort of 7000 residents in seven clusters along the Thai-Myanmar border was followed during a 6.5-year period (2011–mid 2017). Symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria infections were detected by passive case detection (PCD), weekly household visit, and mass blood surveys every 4–6 months. Malaria recurrence was defined as subsequent parasitaemic episodes occurred later than 7 days after receiving anti-malarial treatment. This study focused on analysis of recurrent episodes that occurred within 1 year after treatment. Numbers of malaria cases with single and multiple episodes were compared between clusters. Kaplan–Meier curve was performed to determine the intervals of recurrent episodes by Plasmodium species and age groups. The ordinal logistic model was used to determine factors associated with multiple malaria episodes, and to compare with single episodes, and those with no malaria infection. Results The cumulative incidence of malaria in the study area was 5.2% over the 6.5 years. Overall, 410 malaria patients were detected. Of these patients, 20% and 16% had multiple malaria episodes during the entire period and within 1 year after initial treatment, respectively. About 80% of repeated malaria episodes were caused by the same Plasmodium species as the primary infections. The median interval and interquartile range (IQR) between the first and second episode was 88 (43–175) days for all parasites, 56 (35–133) days for two Plasmodium falciparum episodes, and 90 (59–204) days for two Plasmodium vivax episodes. The interval between the episodes was increased with age. Factors significantly associated with multiple episodes of malaria infection included male sex, young age, Karen ethnicity, forest-related occupation, and having other malaria infected persons in the same house in the same period. Conclusions People who have multiple malaria episodes may play an important role in maintaining malaria transmission in the area. Understanding epidemiological profiles of this group is important for planning strategies to achieve the elimination goal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological profiles of recurrent malaria episodes in an endemic area along the Thailand-Myanmar border: a prospective cohort study

Lawpoolsri

Sattabongkot

Sirichaisinthop

et al. 2019

Malar J

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“…Regarding the malaria transmission data in Thailand, only few entomological surveys have been conducted in the eastern part of the country. Consequently, little is known concerning the current distribution of Anopheles vectors in this malaria endemic area [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species diversity and insecticide resistance within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand

et al. 2020

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Background Members of the Anopheles hyrcanus group have been incriminated as important malaria vectors. This study aims to identify the species and explore the insecticide susceptibility profile within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand where increasing numbers of malaria cases were reported in 2014. Methods Between 2013 and 2015, five rounds of mosquito collections were conducted using human landing and cattle bait techniques during both the rainy and dry seasons. Anopheles mosquitoes were morphologically identified and their insecticide susceptibility status was investigated. Synergist bioassays were carried out with An. hyrcanus (s.l.) due to their resistance to all insecticides. An ITS2-PCR assay was conducted to identify to species the Hyrcanus group specimens. Results Out of 10,361 Anopheles females collected, representing 18 taxa in 2 subgenera, 71.8% were morphologically identified as belonging to the Hyrcanus Group (subgenus Anopheles), followed by An. barbirostris group (7.9%), An. nivipes (6.5%), An. philippinensis (5.9%) and the other 14 Anopheles species. Specimens of the Hyrcanus Group were more prevalent during the rainy season and were found to be highly zoophilic. Anopheles hyrcanus (s.l.) was active throughout the night, with an early peak of activity between 18:00 h and 21:00 h. ITS2-PCR assay conducted on 603 DNA samples from specimens within the Hyrcanus Group showed the presence of five sisters species. Anopheles peditaeniatus was the most abundant species (90.5%, n = 546), followed by An. nitidus (4.5%, n = 27), An. nigerrimus (4.3%, n = 26), An. argyropus (0.5%, n = 3), and An. sinensis (0.2%, n = 1). All An. hyrcanus (s.l.) specimens that were found resistant to insecticides (deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75% and DDT 4% and synergist tests) belonged to An. peditaeniatus. The degree of resistance in An. peditaeniatus to each of these three insecticides was approximately 50%. Addition of PBO (Piperonyl butoxide), but not DEF (S.S.S-tributyl phosphotritioate), seemed to restore susceptibility, indicating a potential role of oxidases as a detoxifying enzyme resistance mechanism. Conclusions A better understanding of mosquito diversity related to host preference, biting activity and insecticide resistance status will facilitate the implementation of locally adapted vector control strategies.

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“…Malaria is a life threatening disease common in temperate climate zones including Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Americas. A female Anopheles mosquitoes carrying plasmodium parasite in their salivary glands is the transmitter of malaria (Poolphol et al, 2017). The severity of malaria rest on the class of this plasmodium parasite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A decision support system for multi-target disease diagnosis: A bioinformatics approach

Ayo¹,

Awotunde²,

Ogundokun³

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Malaria and typhoid fever are revered for their ability to individually or jointly cause high mortality rate. Both malaria and typhoid fever have similar symptoms and are famous for their coexistence in the human body, hence, causes problem of under-diagnosis when doctors tries to determine the exact disease out of the two diseases. This paper proposes a Bioinformatics Based Decision Support System (BBDSS) for malaria, typhoid and malaria typhoid diagnosis. The system is a hybrid of expert system and global alignment with constant penalty. The architecture of the proposed system takes input diagnosis sequence and benchmark diagnosis sequences through the browser, store these diagnosis sequences in the Knowledge base and set up the IF-THEN rules guiding the diagnosis decisions for malaria, typhoid and malaria typhoid respectively. The matching engine component of the system receives as input the input sequence and applies global alignment technique with constant penalty for the matching between the input sequence and the three benchmark sequences in turns. The global alignment technique with constant penalty applies its pre-defined process to generate optimal alignment and determine the disease condition of the patient through alignment scores comparison for the three benchmark diagnosis sequences. In order to evaluate the proposed system, ANOVA was used to compare the means of the three independent groups (malaria, typhoid and malaria typhoid) to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated values on the diagnosis variables means are significantly different. The ANOVA results indicated that the mean of the values on diagnosis variables is significantly different for at least one of the disease status groups. Similarly, multiple comparisons tests was further used to explicitly identify which means were different from one another. The multiple comparisons results showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the values on the diagnosis variables to diagnose the disease conditions between the groups of malaria and malaria typhoid. Conversely, there were no differences between the groups of malaria and typhoid fever as well as between the groups of typhoid fever and malaria typhoid. In order to show mean difference in the diagnosis scores between the orthodox and the proposed diagnosis system, t-test statistics was used. The results of the t-test statistics indicates that the mean values of diagnosis from the orthodox system differ from those of the proposed system. Finally, the evaluation of the proposed diagnosis system is most efficient at providing diagnosis for malaria and malaria typhoid at 97% accuracy.

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Natural Plasmodium vivax infections in Anopheles mosquitoes in a malaria endemic area of northeastern Thailand

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Epidemiological profiles of recurrent malaria episodes in an endemic area along the Thailand-Myanmar border: a prospective cohort study

Epidemiological profiles of recurrent malaria episodes in an endemic area along the Thailand-Myanmar border: a prospective cohort study

Species diversity and insecticide resistance within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand

A decision support system for multi-target disease diagnosis: A bioinformatics approach

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