Natural Phyto-Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Inflammation as a Target

Abstract

Diabetes is a metabolic, endocrine disorder which is characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to insulin resistance. Extensive research has confirmed that inflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Patients with diabetes display typical features of an inflammatory process characterized by the presence of cytokines, immune cell infiltration, impaired function and tissue destruction. Numerous anti-diabetic drugs are often prescribed to diabetic patients, to reduce the risk of diabetes through modulation of inflammation. However, those anti-diabetic drugs are often not successful as a result of side effects; therefore, researchers are searching for efficient natural therapeutic targets with less or no side effects. Natural products’ derived bioactive molecules have been proven to improve insulin resistance and associated complications through suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways. In this review article, we described the extraction, isolation and identification of bioactive compounds and its molecular mechanisms in the prevention of diabetes associated complications.

Phenolics in Foods: Extraction, Analysis and Measurements

“…Polyphenols are a ubiquitous class of compounds largely present in plants as their secondary metabolites, which are synthesized during their normal development [1] in response to several stressful biotic and abiotic factors [2,3]. This class of compounds are a much diversiied group derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine and The results from the last decade's research have shown that polyphenols have important beneicial properties for human health, including antioxidative, antiaging, antibacterial and antimutagenic [7][8][9][10][11]. Moreover, the recent evidence of their interaction with proteins, DNA and other biological molecules has enhanced their exploitation for the production of new natural product-derived therapeutic agents.…”

Hypoglycemic Property of Ethnic Vegetables Consumed by the Tribal People of Chittagong Hill Tracts

“…7,8 . The variation in the hypoglycemic activity of plant extracts tested would be because of different varieties and content phytochemicals in them and also of different mechanisms of hypoglycemic action, like insulin mimetic or insulin secretory activity 7,8 or increase in insulin resistance, suppression of inflammation 21 and reduction or relief of stress by antioxidant activity 22 .…”

The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Metabolism of Polyphenols as Characterized by Gnotobiotic Mice

“…Polyphenols can potentially modulate depressive disorders through their potent anti-inflammatory effects [133–139]. It has been suggested that polyphenols attenuate inflammatory conditions via its inherent anti-oxidative [134] capabilities; oxidative stress directly facilities the production of numerous proinflammatory cytokines and has been shown to contribute to the progression of cancer [140].…”