Natural Oral Anticancer Medication in Small Ethanol Nanosomes Coated with a Natural Alkaline Polysaccharide

Abstract

Oral medication is the most acceptable therapy to treat chronic diseases. Natural drugs and excipients have unique advantages, such as low cost and high safety. We first investigated modified ethanol nanosomes for tumor treatment via oral administration. We loaded curcumin (CM) into small ethanol nanosomes coated with the natural alkaline polysaccharide chitosan (CCSET) for increased absorption and bioavailability and enhanced efficacy against small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Compared to CM and noncoated ethanol nanosomes, CCSETs exhibited superior physicochemical, in vitro–in vivo kinetic, and absorptive properties and treatment efficacy at the cellular and animal levels. The interaction of CM and serum albumin (the quantitative binding force) was analyzed. The bioavailability of CCSET increased by 11.84-fold and the tumor growth inhibition rate increased markedly compared to CM. We first confirmed the effect of CM on SCLC stem cells, and CCSET greatly enhanced this action. We first reported that CM had an antitumor effect on SCLC at the animal level and that CCSET enhanced this effect. Natural alkaline polysaccharide-coated small ethanol nanosomes delivering natural medicine may be a potential oral anticancer strategy.

Biomimetic Membrane-Structured Nanovesicles Carrying a Supramolecular Enzyme to Cure Lung Cancer

“…2 However, traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are impeded by severe side effects and drug resistance 3 and display only limited efficiency in lengthening the survival period of SCLC patients. 4,5 As compared to small molecule chemotherapeutic drugs, large molecular biopharmaceuticals exhibit high specificity and potency for the treatment of cancer. 6,7 Enzyme therapy is becoming one of the most promising therapeutic processes.…”

“…The recommended treatment option for SCLC by the American Cancer Society is chemotherapy alone or with immunotherapy, radiation, or surgery, based mainly on the cancerous stage . However, traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are impeded by severe side effects and drug resistance and display only limited efficiency in lengthening the survival period of SCLC patients. , …”

Better Bioactivity, Cerebral Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Natural Medicine and Its Advanced Version

“…NO regulates the release of proinflammatory molecules, interacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS), promotes the formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and ultimately causes cellular death (a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral injuries) ( Asiimwe et al, 2016 ). Evodiamine, icariin, curcumin and ferulic acid mitigate depressive symptoms by raising the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, monoamine or dopamine ( He et al, 2018 ; Jin et al, 2019 ; Sasaki et al, 2019 ; Fusar-Poli et al, 2020 ; Xie et al, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2021 ). Baicalin controls symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by increasing dopamine levels.…”

Antiviral Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Bioactivity, Better Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics

“…Compared with SARS and MERS, the spread rate of COVID-19 is more rapid, probably due to the increased globalization and virus adaptability to various environments. 7 At present, drugs employed to fight viral infections include natural medicines [8][9][10][11] (eg, liquorice, Scutellaria baicalensis and forsythia), chemical drugs 12 (eg, ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir) and biotechnology-derived drugs 3 (eg, IFN-α, IFN-β and peptide). Natural antiviral medicines have multiple targets and moderate effects, and they usually contain complex ingredients but exhibit only limited efficacy.…”